بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم. INTRODUCTION TO HISTOLOGY.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Inside the World of Cells

Advertisements

Organization of the Cell

Cells and Tissues Chapter 3. Cells and Tissues Carry out all chemical activities Cells are the building blocks of all living things Tissues are groups.

Chapter 4 Plasma membrane, nucleus and ribosomes.

1 Cell Structure Chapter 5. 2 Outline Cell Theory Cell Size Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells – Organelles  Containing DNA  Endosymbiosis – Plant Cells.

Chapter 2 Cell Zhou Li Prof. Dept. of Histology and Embryology.

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم. Introduction to Histology and Cell Structure.

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم.

Microscopy In a light microscope (LM), visible light passes through a specimen and then through glass lenses, which magnify the image The quality of an.

Tour of the Cell. Robert Hooke ( ) Robert Hooke : examined thinly sliced cork and coined term “cell”

CELLS Structure.

Introduction to Histology

Organization of the Cell Organization of the Cell Chapter 4.

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم. INTRODUCTION TO HISTOLOGY.

Cell Unit Learning Goal 2: Describe cell organelles and their functions within the cell.

Cell Diagram cilia microvilli centrioles nucleolus nucleoplasm Peroxisome (catalase or peroxidase enzyme cell membrane Lysosome (hydrolytic enzymes) nuclear.

Cells and Tissues Carry out all chemical activities needed to sustain life Cells are the building blocks of all living things Tissues are groups of cells.

LE 7-2 Hydrophilic head Hydrophobic tail WATER. LE 7-3 Hydrophilic region of protein Hydrophobic region of protein Phospholipid bilayer.

10 m 1 m 0.1 m 1 cm 1 mm 100 µm 10 µm 1 µm 100 nm 10 nm 1 nm 0.1 nm

 Nucleus: contains most of the genes that control entire cell 1. Nuclear envelope: double membrane, encloses nucleus, regulates molecular traffic by.

Fig m 1 m 0.1 m 1 cm 1 mm 100 µm 10 µm 1 µm 100 nm 10 nm 1 nm 0.1 nm Atoms Small molecules Lipids Proteins Ribosomes Viruses Smallest bacteria.

Cytology – Cell Fractionation. Cytology -- Microscopy.

Chapter 3 - Cells and Tissues Cell Anatomy

CHAPTER 3 A TOUR OF THE CELL The Nucleus and Ribosomes 1.The nucleus contains a eukaryotic cell’s genetic library 2.Ribosomes build a cell’s proteins.

Copyright © 2005 Brooks/Cole — Thomson Learning Biology, Seventh Edition Solomon Berg Martin Chapter 4 Organization of the Cell.

Chapter 3 Cells.

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Wassily Kandinsky ( ) Cells.

Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology Fifth edition Seeley, Stephens and Tate Slide 2.1 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin.

In the name of God.  The cell Summary Slide Cell membrane.

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم د/ رئيسة محمد أستاذ مشارك علم النسجة-كلية الطب-جامعة الملك سعود.

CYTOLOGY & HISTOLOGY Lecture two

Chapter 4 A tour of the cell. Cell Theory u All living matter is composed of one or more cells. u The cell is the structural and functional unit of life.

Functions of the Nucleus 1. Role in cell division. 2. Influences cytoplasmic events. 3. Contains codes for protein synthesis.

Organization of the Cell

Introduction to Cells How we study cells: Two basic types: microscope

Chapter 6: Types of Cells and Cell Structures

Eukaryotic Cell Structure. Essential Questions  What are the functions of the major cell structures?

Eukaryotic Cell Structure. Essential Questions  What are the functions of the major cell structures?

Slide 1 of 35 Nucleus Slide 2 of 35 Nucleus (Answers) 1. Nucleolus 2. Nuclear Pore3. Chromatin 4. Inner Nuclear Membrane 5. Outer Nuclear.

Basic Unit of Life Cell Song. Principles of Cell Theory 1. Cells are basic units of life 2. Biogenesis - All Cells arise from other cells 3. Energy flow.

Cell Structure and Function 10 Parts of a Typical Animal Cell.

Chapter 4. Most Cells Are Microscopic Effect of Cell Size on Surface Area.

Non-Membrane-Bound Cell Organelles James F. Thompson, Ph.D.

A TOUR OF THE CELL. MICROSCOPES PROVIDE WINDOWS TO THE WORLD OF THE CELL – THERE ARE MANY DIFFERENT TYPES OF MICROSCOPES COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE.

Welcome to your College

INTRODUCTION Histology is the microscopic study of normal tissues. Histology is the microscopic study of normal tissues. Types of microscopes: LM & EM.

The Cell Introduction to cell structure and function.

CELL ORGANELLES & FEATURES

Do Now Collect the Handouts Turn your lab into the bin. Do Now:

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم.

Animal Cell Diagram. Nucleolus Nucleus Ribosome Cell Membrane Mitochondrion Golgi Apparatus (bodies) Centrioles Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) Rough.

Cells Anatomy. Cells and Tissues Carry out all chemical activities Cells are the building blocks of all living things Tissues are groups of cells that.

1 Section 7-2 Inside the Eukaryotic Cell 2 Three Major Parts 1. Cell Membrane 2. Cytoplasm 3. Nucleus.

Cellular Structures and Organelles

Organelles in a Eukaryotic cell. Cytoplasm Description Gel like fluid where organelles are found Cytosol- fluid portion of cytoplasm Mostly water Function.

Lecture #2 Cellular Anatomy. Intermediate filaments ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) Rough ERSmooth ER Centrosome CYTOSKELETON Microfilaments Microtubules Microvilli.

CELL FUNCTION & STRUCTURE

1 Cell Structures and Functions Parts that are familiar Plasma membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Golgi apparatus (dictysome) Endoplasmic reticulum RER SER Cell.

Cell Structures 7-2. Cell Structures The cell has many parts that work together like a machine in order to carry out all of it’s life processes They all.

Cell Structure III VIBS 443/602 Cytoskeleton and Inclusions.

Cell Structures and Their Functions. Cell Structure Highly Organized Highly Organized. Specialized structures called organelles in a jelly like substance.

CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson Reece Lecture Presentations by Kathleen Fitzpatrick and Nicole.

1 Partner Questions What is needed to make a movie? Who is involved in making a movie? What actions need to be taken in order to complete a movie?

 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure. Eukaryotic Cell Structures  Eukaryotic Cell Structures  Structures within a eukaryotic cell that perform important.

Chapter 4 A View of the Cell. Cell History The microscope was invented in the 17th century Using a microscope, Robert Hooke discovered cells in 1665 All.

Introduction To Histology And Cell Structure

INTRODUCTION Histology is the microscopic study of normal tissues. Types of microscopes: LM & EM. Organs are made of tissues and tissues are made.

Organelles: Structure and Function

Prokaryote v. Eukaryote

Introduction to Histology and Cell Structure

Presentation transcript:

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

INTRODUCTION TO HISTOLOGY

HISTOLOGY (MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY) Definition.

Basic Histological Techniques (A) Light Microscopy: 1- Fixation: e.g. Formalin. 2- Dehydration: Ethanol. 3- Clearing: e.g. Xylene. 4- Embedding: e.g. Paraffin. 5- Sectioning: Microtome. 6- Staining: e.g. H&E (Hematoxylin& eosin). Acidophilic and basophilic structures. e.g. Metachromatic staining ( Toluidine blue).

Microtome

Light Microscope (L/M) 1- Illumination. 2- Magnification. 3- Resolution. N.B. Resolving power ( It is the least distance between 2 particles at which they will appear separated). R.P. for L/M is 250 nm

Light microscope

(B) Electron microscopy: 1-Transmission E/M: Resolving power 0.2 nm. * Electron-dense structure **Electron-lucent structure 2-Scanning E/M: Resolving power 10 nm.

Transmission Electron Microscope

Scanning Electron microscope

THE CELL

THE CELL NUCLEUS (INTERPHASE NUCLEUS)

Shape of nuclei

Dark Nucleus (Deeply-stained nucleus)

Vesicular(open face) Nucleus

L/M: Appearance (Type): - Light nucleus (vesicular) (open face) - Dark nucleus (deeply-stained) (dense Nucleus) Number: 1, 2, or more. Position: Central, eccentric, peripheral, basal. CELL NUCLEUS (Interphase Nucleus)

Cell Nucleus L/M: Size: Small, medium, large ( Nucleus/cell ratio) Shape: e.g. Rounded, oval, rod-shaped.

Nucleus (E/M diagram)

Nucleus (Electron Micrograph) PRACTICAL

Nuclear pores

Cell Nucleus (Interphase nucleus) E/M: (1) Nuclear envelope Inner nuclear membrane. Outer " ". Nuclear pores. Nuclear pore complex. Perinuclear cisterna. Nuclear lamina. N.B.Rough Endoplasmic reticula.

(2) Chromatin: ( Classification ): According to Metabolic activity: a- Euchromatin(Extended chromatin) b- Heterochromatin( Condensed chrom. ) According to Position: a- Peripheral chromatin. b- Nucleolus-associated chromatin. c- Chromatin islands.

Nucleolus (E/M)

(3) Nucleolus: L/M: 1-5 basophilic bodies E/M: 1- Pale-staining fibrillar center: Nucleolar organizer DNA** + Inactive DNA N.B. ** are found in the tips of chromosomes 13,14,15,21&22 with genes that encode rRNA. 2- Pars fibrosa: containing rRNA (nRNA) being transcribed.

Nucleolus (cont.): 3- Pars granulosa: maturing ribosomal subunits are assembled. 4- Nucleolar matrix: a network of fibers active in nucleolar organization. N.B. Nucleolus is a non-membranous structure. Function of nucleolus: rRNA synthesis.

NUCLEOPLASM 1- Nuclear matrix. 2- Ribonucleoprotein. 3- Interchromatin granules. 4- Perichromatin granules.

APOPTOSIS Definition: Genetic programmed cell death. Mechanism: Caspases : enzymes coded by highly conserved genes. Caspases are activated by cytokines e.g. TNF. This triggers a cascade of caspases. Degradation of chromosomes, Nuclear lamins & cytoskeletal proteins. The entire cell becomes fragmented. The cell fragments are then phagocytosed by macrophages.

PRACTICAL SESSION Electron Micrographs

Nucleus (Electron Micrograph)

Nucleolus (E/M)

Nuclear pores

BEST WISHES

CYTOPLASM (1)Organelles. (2)Cytoskeleton. (3)Inclusions. (4)Cytosol.

Cytoplasmic organelles 1- Cell Membrane. 2- Ribosomes. 3- Endoplasmic Reticulum. 4- Golgi Apparatus. 5- Lysosomes. 6- Peroxisomes. 7- Proteasomes. 8- Mitochondria 9- Annulate lamella.

Cytoskeleton 1- Thin Filaments. 2- Intermediate Filaments. 3- Microtubules.

Cell Surface Specializations 1- Microvilli. 2- Cilia.

Cytoplasmic Inclusions 1- Glycogen. 2- Lipids. 3- Pigments. 4- Crystals.

Cell Membrane (Plasmalemma)

CELL MEMBRANE & GLYCOCALYX

ENDOSOMES

MITOCHONDRIA

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

ROUGH ER

RER & SECRETORY GRANULES

POLYSOMES (POLYRIBOSOMES)

GOLGI APPARATUS

CILIA

CILIA & CENTRIOLES

Glycogen granules in hepatocyte