Lecture 2 Title: Computer Software By: Mr Hashem Alaidaros MIS 101

Main Topics Computer software types 32 bit vs. 64 bit Malware

Software Types Software: It is a group of programs that tells the computer hardware what to do. Programs: is a group of commands written in a specific programming language to solve a specific problem. Programming Language: is a group of instructions and rules that perform operations on data processing Since computer doesn’t understand human language, programming language is invented High level language (understandable by human): Java, C++ Low level language (understandably by computer hardware): Assembly language

ذ Example of Java Language 10/10/2015© Mr Hashem Alaidaros 4

Software Terms Open Source Software: It is software that its programming language is able to be read and customized. More flexible Freeware Software: It is a copywrited software, available to use for free forever. Close Source

Types of Software There are three main types of software: 1. System software (Operating System) 2. Utility software 3. Application software

1. System Software System Software: It is software that controls and manages the operations that deal directly to the computer hardware Operating System (OS) Operating System (OS) functions: 1. Allow users to run application software 2. Manages the computer processes 3. Functioning as interface that connects the user, the application and the hardware. How?

System Software Examples Basic Input / Output System (BIOS) Disk Operating System (DOS) Windows (Microsoft product) Most targeted by hackers and Malwares iOS (Apple product) More suitable for graphics design Linux: (Unix family) Open source Android (Google product) Designed for smart phones

Multitasking The execution of two or more programs by one user concurrently on the same computer with one central processor

2. Utility Software Utility Programs allow the user to perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices or its programs Types of utility software o Disk image o Disk optimization o Encrypt data o File and data recovery o Text protect o Preventative security o Spyware o Uninstaller - Msconfig - Restore - Page file - Task Manager - System log - Control Panel - Remote Acces

3. Application Software Application software are programs that perform specific tasks for users (It is the reason that one wants to buy a computer). Types of application software o Bowser o Communication o Data management o o Presentation graphics o Programming o Spreadsheet o Word processing

Application Software Includes many executable files and data files: Installer program (eg: setup.exe) Uninstaller program (why important?) Main executable file (eg: winword.exe) Support modules (eg:.dll files) Called by the PROGRAM, not by the user Data modules (eg: MS Word dictionary)

Application Software Two types of Application software: 1. Prewritten application software 2. Custom application software

1. Pre-written Pre-written application: It is ready application that is designed and developed for public use. For this type of application: Users only need to install (with a little modification if need) the software on their hardware Available on the hand Examples of pre-written software may include: MS Word Skype Second Live

2. Custom Custom Software: It is software that is designed for specific purpose and to meet organization’s needs. In these cases, the business may have its own programmers to create a software to meet their needs Programmer: Someone who develops application or system software Examples of custom application software may include: Payroll Accounting Project Management What are the differences between pro-written and custom software?

32 bit vs. 64 bit CPU, OS, and Software can be 32 bit or 64 bit CPU-32 bit CPU processes 32 bit of data per one cycle CPU-64 bit CPU processes 64 bits of data per one cycle Which one has better speed? Why? OS- 32 bit Support up to 4 GB of RAM OS-64 bits Support more than 4 GB of RAM With CPU-32 bit, only OS-32 bit with Software-32 bit is supported In CPU-64 bit, OS-32 bit with Software-32 can be supported OS-32 bit only supports Software-32 bit

Malware Malware or MALicious softWARE: is a program that is written to attack or harm systems and files. Malware can: Delete files Slow down computer and network Send s automatically Control the computer remotely or open backdoor on the victim computer Malware main types: Virus Worms Trojan horse

Malware Virus: is a program that repeat itself into files and systems. It has to attach itself to a program or a file (exe files) It has to be clicked to activate the virus Worm: is type of virus that spread itself into other computers via networks. It doesn’t attach itself to a program or a file It activate itself with human intervention Trojan horse: is type of malware that attach itself to a program or a file and open backdoor on the victim computer Used for spying and controlling the victim computer

Spyware Spyware is a small computer program that monitors what you are doing with your computer resources. Mostly come from advertisement pop-up Auntispyware software: adware, microsoft antispyware

Software Updates Operating system and application software must be always up to date (update) How often should be updated? Benefits of updates: Security Efficiency