Unit 5 – Lecture 6. Taxonomy Taxonomy – the branch of bio that studies classification classification – grouping and naming of things based on similar.

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Presentation transcript:

Unit 5 – Lecture 6

Taxonomy Taxonomy – the branch of bio that studies classification classification – grouping and naming of things based on similar characteristics

Taxonomy Taxonomy – the branch of bio that studies classification phylogeny – hypothesized evolutionary history of an organism based on character similarities organisms are mostly grouped by physical appearance DNA technology advances leading to reworking of hypothesized evolutionary ancestry

Taxonomy Taxonomy – the branch of bio that studies classification phylogeny – hypoth- esized evolutionary hist- ory of an organism based on character similarities phylogenetic tree 

Taxonomy Taxonomy – the branch of bio that studies classification phylogeny – hypothesized evolutionary history of an organism based on character similarities cladogram – line grouping of phylogeny based on similar characteristics

Taxonomists Aristotle [300s bc]– 1 st taxonomist classed into two categories: plants classed into herbs, shrubs, and trees & animals classed by habitat

Taxonomists Linnaeus [1700s] grouped organisms by structural similarities developed basis for current classification groups: kingdoms [plant or animal] classes orders developed binomial nomenclature for organisms using Latin [bi = 2; nom = name] Panthera pardus

Classification Modern divisions of classification: Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Kids Playing Catch On Freeway Go Splat The divisions for classification are more broad at the top and get increasingly specific until you reach ONE type of organism which has its own species name [which is made of both the genus and species to avoid confusion].

Kingdoms Six Kingdoms: Animalia Plantae Fungi Protista Eubacteria Archaebacteria Animalia Plantae Fungi Protista Eubacteria & Archaebacteria [used to be one kingdom: monera]

Binomial Nomenclature Binomial Nomenclature – literally, a two-name naming system each organism is given a two-part Genus species name Abelmoschus esclentus – okra Acer palmatum – Japanese maple Allium sativum – garlic Genus starts with uppercase letter species starts with lowercase letter always italicize or underline entire name

Binomial Nomenclature When referring generally to a certain genus of organisms, represent the multiple species with: sp. – singular for species or spp. – plural for species [applies to many in the genus] There are two genera of carpenter bees in the United States, the small carpenter bees, Ceratina spp., and the large carpenter bees, Xylocopa spp.

Homework Ch 18.3 – kingdoms & domains Ch 20.1 – characteristics of bacteria Ch 21.1 – characteristics of protists Ch 22.1 – characteristics of fungi Ch 23.1 – intro to plants Ch 26.1 – characteristics of animals

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