Common Signs and Symptoms  Typically begin with behavioral changes  Slow developing and very subtle  May not be noticed early in development of disorder  Forgetfulness, anxiety, temper tantrums Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 2

Diagnostic Tests  Physiologic tests Brain scans, EEGs, MRIs  Referral to psychiatrist for psychological testing  Aptitude test  Personality test Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 3

Developmental Disorders  Mental Retardation - decreased intelligence and ability to learn, socialize, and mature  Autism - developmental disorder Preoccupation with inner thoughts, daydreams, fantasies, and delusions Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 4

Developmental Disorders  Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Inability to concentrate, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness  Stuttering Hesitancy of starting and finishing word Prolonged pauses between words Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 5

Developmental Disorders  Eating disorders Bulimia Anorexia nervosa Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 6

Developmental Disorders  Tic disorders - sudden, rapid muscle movement or vocalization  Enuresis - bedwetting; urinary incontinence after toilet training Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 7

Substance-Related Mental Disorders  Alcoholism Physical and mental dependence on alcohol Chronic, progressive, and often fatal  Marijuana - “pot”  Cocaine - accelerant to CNS and anesthetic Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 8

Substance-Related Mental Disorders  Caffeine and Nicotine - Most addictive substances  Sedatives or depressants – anti-anxiety Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 9

Substance-Related Mental Disorders  Amphetamines - releases epinepherine, leading to increased heart rate and other body systems  Hallucinogens - psychedelic drugs Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 10

Substance-Related Mental Disorders  Narcotics - depressants primarily prescribed as analgesics  Inhalants - legal substances including glue, nail polish, lighter fluid Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 11

Organic Mental Disorders  Physical cause  Affects cognition and ability to think, remember, and make judgments  May be temporary or permanent Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 12

Organic Mental Disorders  Dementia - deterioration of mental abilities due to physical changes in brain  Delirium - acute condition from medications, alcohol, fever, or illness  Alzheimer’s - progressive and irreversible form of dementia Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 13

Psychosis  Disintegration of one’s personality  Impaired communication skills  Inability to deal with life’s demands  Delusions and hallucinations  Schizophrenia - lose touch with reality, delusions Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 14

Psychosis  Delusional disorders Belief in a delusion in an otherwise normally adjusted and balanced personality Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 15

Psychosis  Types Grandiose Jealous Erotomanic Persecutory Somatic Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 16

Mood or Affective Disorders  Involve emotions: Depression - prolonged feeling of extreme sadness or unhappiness, despair and discouragement Seasonal Affective Disorder - depressive condition during winter months Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 17

Mood or Affective Disorders  Involve emotions: Bipolar Disorder - depression in which extreme depression and mania occur Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 18

Dissociative Disorders  Changes in identity or consciousness  Types Psychogenic amnesia Psychogenic fugue Depersonalization Multiple personality Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 19

Anxiety Disorders  Temporary response to stress but may become chronic  Types Generalized anxiety disorder Panic disorder Phobia disorder Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 20

Anxiety Disorders  Types Obsessive-Compulsive disorder Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 21

Somatoform Disorders  Physical symptoms but no organic cause can be found Conversion - “hysterical neurosis” Hypochondriasis - abnormal anxiety about one’s body and health Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 22

Somatoform Disorders Pain disorder Malingering Munchausen Syndrome Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 23

Personality Disorders  Personality disorders Paranoid Schizoid Antisocial Narcissistic Histrionic Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 24

Sexual Disorders  Sexual disorders Exhibitionism Fetishism Transvestic fetishism Frotteurism Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 25

Sexual Disorders  Sexual disorders Pedophilia Sexual sadism Sexual masochism Voyeurism Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 26

Sleep Disorders  Insomnia  Narcolepsy  Sleep apnea  Nightmare disorder  Sleep terror  Sleepwalking Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 27

Trauma  Grief - natural process of coping with loss  Suicide - major concern with teenagers Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 28