Use Cases, Requirements and a Prototype Standard for an ITS/Simulation Interoperability Standard (I/SIS) Dick Stottler Brian Spaulding Stottler Henke Associates, Inc.MÄK Technologies, Inc. Robert Richards, PhD. Stottler Henke Associates, Inc Spring SIW

Overview  Problem Description  Use Cases  Military ITS Examples:  BC2010 ITS  Helicopter Intelligent Flight Trainer (IFT)  General Requirements of I/SIS  Preliminary Suggested Prototype Standard Overview  Preliminary Prototype I/SIS Description  I/SIS Application Examples

Problem Description ITSs integrated with Tactical Simulations  ITS: Automated Tutor (evaluation, tailored instruction)  Looks over student’s shoulder during simulated scenarios  ITSs and Simulations are from Different Developers  ITS needs access to ALL student actions  Not just those observable outside his simulated platform  E.G. Plans, orders, comms, internal software use  ITS may need to start simulation with a scenario  ITS may need to control some parts of the scenario  ITS may need mechanism for feedback in simulation  Simulation may need mechanism to start ITS  Simulation may need to select evaluations

Use Cases  Tactical Decision-Making training (TDM)  Equipment Operations and Maintenance training (EOM)  ITS-Centered training systems (IC)  Simulation-Centered training systems (SC)

Battle Command ITS Case Study Description  Army Tactical trainer  Enables commanders and staff officers to practice planning and execution skills  Plan, fight and review battle  HLA-compliant  Single- or multi-player  MILSTD-2525B tactical graphics

Battle Command ITS Case Study Simulation-Centered TDM Training System  From simulation-driven perspective  ITS is an accessory to support/enhance sim. training  Interactive real-time feedback and evaluation engine available at completion or at pre-defined stages  Should be transparent  Seamlessly embedded and consistent with GUI  Planning/Execution/AAR evaluation, feedback, hinting

Helicopter ITS Case Study ITC-Centered EOM Training System  Teaches beginner helicopter pilots during flight exercises  Instruction includes real-time coaching and AAR  Coaching is multi-level  Initially observations of problems (audio)  Direct attention by “flashing” instruments  If student fails to correct, coaching becomes more directive  Beginners get more & more detailed coaching than advanced  ITS plans instruction, assigns exercises  Based on mastery and personality attributes  ITS interfaced to/monitors actions in MS Flight Simulator  ITS in control and is main application to the student

General Requirements of I/SIS  Easy for simulation developers  Level 1: Very easy for sim. developers, support most capabilities  Level 2: Supports almost all ITS capabilities  Optional levels: LSUI, LCSE, LIDR  ITS access to student actions (external/internal)  Presenting real-time coaching and AAR  ITS/Simulation coordinated scenario start  Scenario control  Scenario files  ITS interactivity, e.g. Socratic dialog  Logon/Consistent User IDs between ITS and simulation

Preliminary Prototype I/SIS Architecture

Preliminary Prototype I/SIS Overview HLA/DIS Based  Move info. via HLA/DIS (considering TCP/IP sockets)  Info. Represented in XML or a specific XML standard  Service Request/Response  Platform and Aggregate details and interactions available in DIS and standard FOMs (RPR, NTMF, etc.)  Standardized definitions for planning objects (tactical graphics or other planning documents)  NTMF, C4I Reference FOM  Orders - XML Battle Management Language (XBML)  XML formatted text, audio, displayed units/values  XML formatted control actions and instrument values  HLA/DIS Simulation Management capabilities

All Use Cases:  Level 1  Service Requests (SR) via Action Request messages  Feedback SR  Developer Created Documentation of Interface  Level 2  Interactive Feedback SR  Controlling component sends and other accepts Start/Resume & Stop/Freeze SIMAN messages  UUID Student IDs  Logon SR from controlling component  Log Annotation SR

Tactical Decision Making (TDM) ITSs  Level 1  DIS or HLA RPR FOM  ITS access to additional scenario-related ITS information  Level 2  XML Data in Experimental PDUs or HLA Simulation Data Interaction in I/SIS FOM  Orders in XBML, Audio in files/XML, other communications/actions/context in XML  MSDL & XML Scenario Files

Equipment Operations/Maintenance (EOM)  Level 1  XML Data in Experimental PDUs or HLA Simulation Data Interaction in I/SIS FOM  XML formatted lists of control actions and instrument values  Level 2  XML Scenario Files  ITS access to additional scenario-related ITS information

ITS Centered (IC)  Level 1  Command Line Simulation Start (scenario file)  Level 2  ITS sends and Sim accepts Reset, Load Scenario, & Start AAR SRs  Entity control via HLA Ownership Switch or DIS Set Data

Simulation Centered (SC)  Level 1  Command Line ITS Start (scenario file)  Level 2  Simulation sends and ITS accepts Evaluation, Coaching, and Debriefing SRs,  Simulation Sends and ITS accepts Assign Team Member SR

Optional Levels  LIDR – ITS Driven Replay  Set Time SR  Set Perspective SR  Play SR  Freeze SR  LCSE – Coordinated Scenario Entry  Command Line Start of Sim & ITS Scenario Editors  Sim notifies ITS of scenario changes  Level 2 implemented  LSUI implemented  LCSE Feedback SR  LCSE Interactive Feedback SR  LSUI – Simulation User Interface partial control from ITS  LSUI Feedback SR  LSUI Interactive Feedback SR  Additional Items  XML Data and SRs as required

I/SIS Application Examples  BC2010 ITS – All Use Cases, TDM, SC  Level 1: HLA RPR FOM, Feedback SRs, ITS command  Level 2:  Plan (premission orders) and Orders output in XBML via HLA  ITS accepts Start/Resume and Stop/Freeze SIMAN messages  Log annotations for use with replay  ITS turns on/off specific evals, coaching, and debriefing  PVD displayed units list exported via HL in XML format  Interactive feedback SRs, Optional LSUI  BC2010 scenarios in MSDL (an XML) format  ITS scenario info in XML format

I/SIS Application Examples  Helicopter IFT – All Use Cases, EOM, IC  Level 1:  XML format list of instrument values and control actions & documents  Command line simulation start  Feedback SRs  LSUI: Audio feedback and instrument flashing  Level 2:  Sim accepts Start/Resume and Stop/Freeze SIMAN messages  ITS control of simulated helicopter  XML format scenario files