Corruption in Russia  Fall Semester, 2006 Dept. Of Russian Studies Gyeongsang National University

Subjects: Measuring corruption Cases:Russia Introduction

Transparency International International NGO fighting corruption Mainstreaming of corruption as an international issue National chapters Indexes, conferences (e.g. IACC), research etc. Measuring corruption

Corruption Perception Index (CPI): Based on up to 13 other indexes Shows only perception of corruption Statistical average Number of countries growing each year Most cited corruption index Politically very important (World Bank etc.) Annually since 1995 (from 41 to 159 countries)

Measuring corruption Score Rank Statistical data

Measuring corruption

CPI: Russia: st86th90th126th Trends: Rich countries – low corruption Former Soviet Union – high corruption

Measuring corruption Bribe Payers’ Index (BPI) (only 2002) Measures a country’s exporters’ bribe- paying abroad

Measuring corruption CPI and BPI (Corruption in-country and abroad) Most corrupt Corruption in country Corrupt exporters

Case: Russia Basic facts:  Very low CPI score: 2,4 (126th)  ~30 bn $ a year  Everywhere: Traffic police, politicians, state administration, universities, courts, hospitals, army (new entry!)  Changed nature since USSR and from Yeltsin to Putin

Case: Russia Typology: Type: Forced – all officials free to demand bribes and offer corrupt services Organisation: Decentralised – chaotic; no central control with collection of bribes Networks: Active corruption occurs mostly in closed networks, which are opening up