1 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. CCNA 1 v3.1 Module 3 Networking Media

222 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Objectives

333 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Atoms and Electrons

444 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Atoms and Electrons

555 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Coulomb's Electric Force Law states that opposite charges react to each other with a force that causes them to be attracted to each other. Like charges react to each other with a force that causes them to repel each other. Loosened electrons that do not move and have a negative charge are called static electricity. If these static electrons have an opportunity to jump to a conductor, this can lead to electrostatic discharge (ESD).

666 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Atoms and Electrons

777 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Atoms and Electrons

888 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Voltage

999 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Resistance and Impedance

10 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Current Flow

11 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Circuits

12 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Circuits

13 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cable Specifications Digital or baseband transmission and analog or broadband transmission require different types of cable.

14 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Coaxial Cable

15 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Shielded Twisted-Pair Cable

16 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)

17 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)

18 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)

19 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)

20 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)

21 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)

22 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)

23 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. The Electromagnetic Spectrum

24 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Optical The wavelength of the light in optical fiber is either 850 nm, 1310 nm, or 1550 nm. These wavelengths were selected because they travel through optical fiber better than other wavelengths.

25 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. light travels at different, slower speeds through other materials like air, water, and glass. When a light ray called the incident ray, crosses the boundary from one material to another, some of the light energy in the ray will be reflected back

26 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. The entering ray will be bent at an angle from its original path. This ray is called the refracted ray. How much the incident light ray is bent depends on the angle at which the incident ray strikes the surface of the glass and the different rates of speed at which light travels through the two substances.

27 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Ray Model of Light

28 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Ray Model of Light

29 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Reflection

30 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Reflection

31 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Refraction

32 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Total Internal Reflection

33 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Total Internal Reflection

34 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Total Internal Reflection

35 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Multimode Fiber

36 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Multimode Fiber

37 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Multimode Fiber

38 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Multimode Fiber

39 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Multimode Fiber

40 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Multimode Fiber

41 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Single-mode Fiber

42 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Optical Media

43 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Signals and Noise in Optical Fibers

44 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Scattering

45 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Bending

46 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Fiber End Face Finishes

47 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Fiber End Face Polishing Techniques

48 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Splicing

49 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Calibrated Light Sources and Light Meter

50 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Wireless LAN Standards wireless technology does not provide the high-speed transfers, security, or uptime reliability of cabled networks

51 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

52 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Internal Wireless NIC for Desktop or Server

53 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. PCMCIA NIC for Laptop

54 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. External USB Wireless NIC

55 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Access Point

56 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Wireless LAN

57 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Roaming

58 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. IEEE Wireless Frame Types

59 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Adaptive Frame Types

60 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Authentication and Association Types Unauthenticated and unassociated The node is disconnected from the network and not associated to an access point. Authenticated and unassociated The node has been authenticated on the network but has not yet associated with the access point. Authenticated and associated The node is connected to the network and able to transmit and receive data through the access point.

61 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Radio Wave

62 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Modulation

63 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Omni Directional Antenna

64 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Wireless Security With Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP), the access point does not provide authentication to the client, but passes the duties to a more sophisticated device, possibly a dedicated server, designed for that purpose. Using an integrated server VPN technology creates a tunnel on top of an existing protocol such as IP. This is a Layer 3 connection as opposed to the Layer 2 connection between the AP and the sending node

65 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Summary