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Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Diversity of Americans Section 2:Section 2:Who Are America’s Citizens? Section 3:Section 3:Government and the People Visual Summary

Chapter Intro 1 Our Declaration of Independence proclaims that “all men are created equal.” This does not mean that everyone is born with the same wealth, intelligence, strength, or ambition. Each one of us has a unique combination of qualities and characteristics. The words of the Declaration mean that all people should have equal rights, which is the cornerstone of the democratic ideal.

Chapter Intro 2 Section 2: Who Are America’s Citizens? Citizens possess certain rights. With citizenship, there are also certain responsibilities expected of all Americans. In the United States, there are two ways to become a citizen: by birth and by a process called naturalization.

Chapter Intro 2 Section 3: Government and the People People form governments to establish order, provide security, and accomplish common goals. Democratic governments perform necessary functions so citizens can live together peacefully.

Chapter Intro 2 Section 1: The Diversity of Americans As American citizens, we make a commitment to the nation and to the values and principles that are part of United States democracy. In addition to the common values and civic unity, the United States benefits from its rich diversity.

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Section 1-Main Idea Guide to Reading Big Idea As American citizens, we make a commitment to the nation and to the values and principles that are part of United States democracy.

Section 1-Key Terms Guide to Reading Content Vocabulary civics citizenship citizen service economyservice economy value popular sovereigntypopular sovereignty institution

Section 1-Key Terms Guide to Reading Academic Vocabulary diverse ethnic principle

A.A B.B Section 1-Polling Question Do you think a person should have to own property or wealth in order to be an American citizen? A.Yes B.No

Section 1 What is Civics? Civics is the study of the rights and duties of citizens.

Section 1 What is Civics? (cont.) Civics is the study of the rights and duties of citizens.Civicscitizens Changes in citizenship requirementscitizenship First Citizens Only Men Own Property Now Gender, wealth, and race do not matter

Section 1 What is Civics? (cont.) Rights and duties of citizens: –Owe loyalty to the government –Entitled to protection from the government Citizens as part of a countryCitizens Common history, customs, or beliefs

A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 1 Why do you think the study of civics is important? A.Understand my rights B.Understand my responsibilities C.Know the limitations of government D.All the above

Section 1 A Changing Society American society has undergone many changes in the past, and these changes continue today.

Section 1 A Changing Society (cont.) The United States is a nation of immigrants. Immigration from Europe: –Early immigration –After American independence –From southern and eastern Europe U.S. Foreign-Born Population, 1850–2005

Section 1 A Changing Society (cont.) Changes in immigration patterns: –Latin America –Asia African immigrants brought by force

Section 1 A Changing Society (cont.) Ethnic diversity:Ethnic –Whites of European descent –African Americans –Asians and Pacific Islanders –Native Americans –Latinos United States Immigration, 2004

Section 1 A Changing Society (cont.) Religious diversity: –Christians –Jews –Muslims –Buddhists –Other religious groups

Section 1 A Changing Society (cont.) Population growth and change today: –Birthrate –Service EconomyService Economy –Increasing population in the South and West

Section 1 A Changing Society (cont.) –Rising age of citizens –Increasing levels of education –Growing Latino population

A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 1 How do you view the current trend in immigration? A.It is good for the country. B.It is neither good nor bad for the country. C.It is bad for the country. D.No opinion

Section 1 American Values and Institutions Americans share key values, and these values are reflected in the important institutions of American life.

Section 1 American Values and Institutions (cont.) Values are broad ideas about what is good or desirable that are shared by people in a society.Values

Section 1 Basic American values American Values and Institutions (cont.) Values uniting Americans: –The country’s founding documents –The English language as a source of unity –Belief in popular sovereigntypopular sovereignty

Section 1 Role of major American institutions:institutions –The family –Religious institutions –Educational institutions –Social institutions –Governmental institutions American Values and Institutions (cont.)

A.A B.B Section 1 Do you agree that the United States is strengthened by the common and public use of one language? A.Agree B.Disagree

Section 1-End

Section 2-Main Idea Guide to Reading Big Idea Citizens possess certain rights. With citizenship, Americans also have certain responsibilities.

Section 2-Key Terms Guide to Reading Content Vocabulary naturalization alien immigrant deport Academic Vocabulary deny obtain priority

A.A B.B Section 2-Polling Question Do you think that the United States government should have the right to take citizenship away from American citizens? A.Yes B.No

Section 2 Path to Citizenship In the United States, there are two ways to become a citizen: by birth and by a process called naturalization.

Section 2 Path to Citizenship (cont.) There are two ways to become an American citizen: –Birth –NaturalizationNaturalization – process by which U.S. citizenship is granted to a foreign citizen or national after he or she fulfills the requirements established by Congress Dual citizenship for Americans citizenship in two countries concurrently.

Section 2 Path to Citizenship (cont.) The naturalization process for aliens:aliens –Declaration of Intention = letter –Living in the United States = lives in U.S. for at least 5 years –Interview and citizenship exam –Oath of allegiance – hHQSRUhttps:// hHQSRU Native Americans as citizens = did not get citizenship until 1924

Section 2 Path to Citizenship (cont.) Denying and losing citizenship: –Improperly obtained citizenship –Exile or leaving to live in the other country = can be by choice or not –Federal crimes involving extreme disloyalty

A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 2 How do you view the naturalization process for aliens? A.It is fine the way it is. B.There are too many steps. C.There aren’t enough steps.

Section 2 Aliens in America Even though the United States controls the admission of aliens to this country, each year millions of people enter America illegally.

Section 2 Aliens in America (cont.) There are restrictions on the number of immigrants who can enter the United States. immigrants Immigration Act of 1990 which increased the limits on legal immigration to the United States

Section 2 Aliens in America (cont.) Aliens living in the United States illegally: –Temporary visitors –Crossing borders –Foreigners with expired legal permits –Many fear being deported = expelleddeported

Section 2 Aliens in America (cont.) The United States Border Patrol: 6,000 miles of land borders and 2,000 miles of water borders Different categories of legal aliens: –Resident aliens –foreigner who is a permanent resident of the country in which he or she resides but does not have citizenship

–Nonresident aliens – A non-U.S. citizen who doesn't pass the green card test or the substantial presence test Refugees a person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster.

Rights of aliens: Legal aliens –Hold jobs, own property, attend public schools, receive government services, pay taxes and are entitled to legal protection –Can not vote, run for office, can not serve on juries, or work in most government jobs Illegal Aliens –Have no rights

A.A B.B Section 2 Do you think that aliens should be able to vote in elections and run for office? A.Yes B.No

Section 2-End

Section 3-Main Idea Guide to Reading Big Idea People form governments to establish order, provide security, and accomplish common goals.

Section 3-Key Terms Guide to Reading Content Vocabulary government public policy budget democracy direct democracydirect democracy representative democracyrepresentative democracy republic monarchy majority rule authoritarian totalitarian

Section 3-Key Terms Guide to Reading Academic Vocabulary community enforce constrain

A.A B.B Section 3-Polling Question Do you think it is important for government to provide security for its citizens? A.Yes B.No

Section 3 The Need for Government The different levels of government provide many different services.

Section 3 The Need for Government (cont.) Government is the ruling authority for a community, or society.Government

Functions of the Government

Section 3 The Need for Government (cont.) Levels of government: –National –State and local

A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 3 Which function of government do you think is most important for a community? A.Keeping order B.Guiding the community C.Providing services D.Providing security

Section 3 Types of Government The people are the ultimate rulers of democratic countries, while in totalitarian states, a single person or small group holds all the power.

Section 3 Types of Government (cont.) Democratic government –Direct democracy – is a form of democracy in which people decide policy directly. – Representative democracy or republic Representative democracy republic – founded on the principle of elected officials representing a group of people Types of democracy:democracy

–Constitutional monarchymonarchy – is a form of government in which a king or queen acts as Head of State. The ability to make and pass legislation resides with an elected Parliament

Section 3 Types of Government (cont.) Principles of democracy: Principles of American Democracy

Section 3 Types of Government (cont.) –Majority ruleMajority rule Principles of American Democracy

Section 3 Types of Government (cont.) Authoritarian governmentAuthoritarian –Absolute monarchy –Dictatorship –TotalitarianismTotalitarianism Comparing Democratic and Authoritarian Systems

A.A B.B Section 3 Do you think that a representative democracy is more effective than a direct democracy? A.Yes B.No

Section 3-End

VS 1 The American People Because of its heritage, the United States is often called “a nation of immigrants.” Until the mid-1900s, most immigrants came from Europe. Latin America now accounts for the largest share of immigrants to the United States. The United States is a diverse nation, reflecting the values of many groups.

VS 2 American Values and Institutions Values are ideas about what is good or desirable that are shared by people in a society. Our basic values include freedom, equality, opportunity, justice, and tolerance. Every society has institutions that help it transmit its values. Important American institutions are the family, religious, educational, social, and governmental institutions.

VS 3 Citizenship According to the U.S. Constitution, people can become American citizens by birth and through naturalization. Millions of illegal aliens live in the United States. Legal aliens have entered the country lawfully.

VS 4 Government People need governments to make and enforce laws and to help us meet our needs. The purposes of government include the following: Providing order and security Providing public services Guiding the community

VS 4 Government Although all governments carry out the same basic functions, there are differences in the ways governments can be organized. The main types of government are democratic government and authoritarian government. In a democracy, the supreme political authority rests with the people.

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Vocab1 civics the study of the rights and duties of citizens

Vocab2 citizenship rights and duties of members of a state

Vocab3 citizens community members who owe loyalty to the government and are entitled to protection from it

Vocab4 service economy where the majority of people earn their living by providing a service rather than manufacturing a product

Vocab5 value the general principles of beliefs people use to make judgments and decisions

Vocab6 popular sovereignty the notion that power lies with the people

Vocab7 institution sets of ideas that people have about relationships, obligations, roles and functions of society

Vocab8 diverse differing from one another

Vocab9 ethnic relating to races or groups of people who share common traits and customs

Vocab10 principle a rule of conduct or belief

Vocab11 naturalization a legal process to obtain citizenship

Vocab12 alien a noncitizen

Vocab13 immigrant a person who moves permanently to a new country

Vocab14 deport to send an alien or immigrant back to his or her own country

Vocab15 deny refusal to grant, agree, or believe

Vocab16 obtain to gain or acquire

Vocab17 priority something that is given more attention or importance

Vocab18 government the ruling authority for a community

Vocab19 public policy the course of action the government takes in response to an issue or problem

Vocab20 budget a plan for making and spending money

Vocab21 democracy a government in which citizens hold the power to rule

Vocab22 direct democracy a form of democracy in which the people vote firsthand

Vocab23 representative democracy a government in which citizens choose a smaller group to govern on their behalf

Vocab24 republic a representative democracy where citizens choose their lawmakers

Vocab25 monarchy a government with a hereditary, single leader

Vocab26 majority rule political principle providing that a majority of the members of a community has the power to make laws binding upon all the people

Vocab27 authoritarian a government in which one leader or group of people holds absolute power

Vocab28 totalitarian a system in which government control extends to almost all aspects of people’s lives

Vocab29 community a group of people who share the same interests and concerns

Vocab30 enforce to carry out by force or ensure compliance

Vocab31 constrain to force, limit, or hold back

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