Last Topic - Administrative Adjudication Characters of Administrative Agency Role of Administrative Tribunals Difference of Administrative Tribunals from Regular Courts Advantages of Administrative Tribunals Disadvantages of Administrative Tribunals Examples of Administrative Tribunals in Pakistan

State, Citizen and Citizenship/ Nationality/ Forms of Citizenship State Citizen Citizenship Nationality Forms of Citizenship Nationality Citizenship in Pakistan Grant of Citizenship

State State commonly refers to either the present condition of a system or entity, or to a governed entity (such as a country) or sub- entity (such as an autonomous territory of a country)

Citizen Citizen To be a citizen all you need to do is be born here

Citizenship Citizenship is what you do with that privilege. Citizenship denotes the link between a person and a State or an association of states.

Citizenship ….. Possession of citizenship is normally associated with the right to work and live in a country. A person with citizenship in a state is called a citizen of it

Citizenship ….. The person who does not have citizenship in any state is said to be stateless

Nationality Nationality is used in international law for understanding as a person's membership of a nation

Nationality ……. In some countries, e.g. the United States and the United Kingdom, "nationality" and "citizenship" have different meanings

Forms of Citizenship One is either a native born citizen or may became a naturalized citizen after moving from another country

Forms of …… The only real difference between the two in US is a naturalized citizen can't run for president campaign

Forms of …… Meaning thereby one may either a US citizen or not. One can also hold dual citizenship with another country usually the country of the birth and the US, subject to the meeting of the requirements to do so

Forms of …… A green card holder is not a US citizen, but, is allowed to live and work in the US, as would a US citizen

Citizenship in Pakistan There are three categories of declared citizens of Pakistan including citizens by birth, by descent and by migration

Citizenship in …… (i)Citizens by Birth. Persons who or any of their parents or grand parents were born in the territories now included in Pakistan before the commencement of citizenship Act, 1951 are citizens of Pakistan

Citizenship in …… Any person born in Pakistan after the commencement of Pakistan Citizenship Act, 1951 is citizen of Pakistan

Citizenship in …… Children of foreign diplomats and children of enemy alien born in Pakistan are not included in this category

Citizenship in …… Persons, who migrated from territories of Pakistan to other areas of Indo-Pakistan sub-continent for permanent stay after March, 1947 shall also be not considered citizens of Pakistan

Citizenship in …… (ii)Citizens by Descent. Children of Pakistanis who are born outside of Pakistan are citizens by descent. If the parent of such child is a citizen by descent himself/herself (as born outside of Pakistan) the child is required to be registered in the nearest consulate or Pakistani mission

Citizenship in …… Children born to Pakistani mother and foreign national father, after , are treated as citizens of Pakistan

Citizenship in …… (iii)Citizens by Migration The persons who migrated to Pakistan from the territories in the indo-Pakistan subcontinent before the commencement of Pakistan Citizenship Act, 1951 are declared citizens of Pakistan

Grant of Citizenship Persons who can acquire citizenship of Pakistan after applying in prescribed manner are;

Grant of …… Foreign Ladies Married to Pakistani Nationals

Grant of …… Commonwealth Citizens who Transfer Rs.5/- Million worth of Foreign Exchange

Grant of …… The Nationals of Countries other than Commonwealth after they have resided in Pakistan for a period of 5 years

Grant of …… Minor Children (below 21 years of Age) of Pakistani Ladies Married to Foreigners

Grant of …… Old Parents of Pakistanis Nationals who are Residing in India

Next Topic - Rights and Duties of Citizens Rights & Duties of Good Pakistani