Cell Biology Prokaryotic Cell –Small ~ 1-2µm 01-50 µm Max.? Min.? –No Nucleus –Little Internal Structure –Some are Motile –Unicellular or Cluster Eukaryote.

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Presentation transcript:

Cell Biology Prokaryotic Cell –Small ~ 1-2µm µm Max.? Min.? –No Nucleus –Little Internal Structure –Some are Motile –Unicellular or Cluster Eukaryote μm

Nanobacteria 0.1 μm 10 4 – 10 5 /ml Ocean waters 0.15 μm minimum size?

Always Exceptions? Max? E. fishelsoni - 600µm Multiple genomes

Cell Shapes Bacillus Coccus Spirillum Spirochetes Appendaged

Cell Clusters Pairs – Diplo… Diplococcus Chains – Strepto.. Streptococcus Others – Staphylococcus

Cytoplasmic Membrane Phospholipid Bilayer No Sterols Bacteria & Eukaryotes Ester linkages Archaea Ether linkage Lipid monolayer Thermophiles

Membrane Function Diffusion –osmotic pressure Selective Permeability Transport Proteins Simple Transport – proton motive force

Group Translocation Glucose PEP Pyruvate Glucose PO4 Transport linked to first step of Glycolysis

ABC System Transport Periplasmic-binding protein Membrane-spanning protein Kinase

Export Translocase Signal sequence Exoenzymes Toxins

Bacterial Cell Wall Peptidoglycan, Murein Layer n-acetylglucosamine n-acetylmuramic acid  1-4 Linkage Peptide Cross Links

Diaminopimelic acid - all G- Lysine - most G+ d-Alanine, d-Glutamic acid

Gram Positive Cell Wall Multi-Track layer 25 layers Teichoic Acid Lysozyme Protoplast Autolysins

Teichoic –Lipoteichoic acid

Gram PositiveGram Negative

Gram Negative Envelope Outer Membrane Lipopolysaccharides Peptidoglycan Periplasmic space Cytoplasmic Membrane

Gram Negative Outer Membrane Lipopolysaccharides Endotoxins Pyrogens -Lipid A Core Polysaccharide O Polysaccharide Porins Periplasmic Space

Archaea Cell Wall Pseudopeptidoglycan Β 1-3 linkages N acetyltalosaminuronic acid S-Layer - most common

Prokaryotic DNA Closed Circles E. coli chromosome has 4.6 million Bases Supercoiled Haploid Sometimes Plasmids

Outer Surface Flagella Pili - Fimbriae Capsule Slime Layer Glycocalyx

Flagella Polar flagella Lophotrichous Peritrichous flagella Flagellin Self Assembly

Inclusion Bodies Poly-  - Hydroxybutyric Acid Glycogen

Polyphosphate –Metachromatic granules Sulfur

Magnetosomes Varied morphology

Gas Vesicles Protein coat

Endospores Most Resistance Cell Withstand Boiling Formed in Cells Contains Calcium dipicolinic Acid 10% Bacillus & Clostridium

Endospores need 200 genes May live? 250 million years

Taxis Chemotaxis Tumbles – Runs Phototaxis Magnetotaxis Gliding? Twitching

Eukaryotic Cells Contains Organelles Nucleus Mitochondria Chloroplasts

Endosymbiotic Theory

Cell Biology Word List Prokaryotic  m Transport Cell Shape 600  m Max? Proteins BacillusCytoplasmicGroup CoccusMembraneTranslocation SpirillumPhospholipidsCell Wall SpirocheteBilayerPeptidoglycan AppendagedSterolsN-acetyl- Strepto, Diplo,Archaeaglucosamine Staphylo.Ether-linksN-acetyl- Size?Permeabilitymuramic acid

Cell Biology Word List 2 PeptideArchaeaCore Poly- Cross-linksPseudo-saccharide Diamino-peptidoglycanPorins pimelic acidGram -Periplasmic D-AlanineLipopoly- Space  1-4 linkage saccharideAutolysin Gram+OuterProkaryotic Teichoic acid Membrane DNA LysozymeEndotoxinClosed Circles ProtoplastLipid A4.6X10 6 Bases

Cell Biology Word List 3 SupercoiledPhototaxisAcid HaploidMagnetotaxisGlycogen PlasmidsPili, FimbriaePoly- FlagellaCapsule, phosphate Polar FlagellaGlycocalyxMetachromatic PeritrichousSlime layer granules FlagellinInclusionSulfur Self-Assembly BodiesMagnetosomes Chemotaxis Poly-  - Gas Vesicles Tumbles-RunshydroxybutyricEndospores

Cell Biology Word List 4 EndosporesEndosymbiotic DipicolinicTheory Acid Eukaryotic Organelles Nucleus Mitochondria Chloroplasts

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