Objectives/Standards: 13 Colonies Life in early America Objectives/Standards: Describe the contributions of geographic and economic conditions, religion, and colonial systems of government to the development of American democratic practices. Describe the geography, cultures, and economics of the Southern, Middle Atlantic, and New England Colonies. Describe interactions (e.g., agricultural and cultural exchanges, alliances, conflicts) between Native Americans and European settlers.

Coming to America Teacherspayteachers.com Jessica Giuliani

Colony – What is a colony? A settlement in a new area. Vocabulary Colony – What is a colony? A settlement in a new area. The first English colonies in North America were along the eastern coast. Colonist – What is a Colonist? An English man or woman that moves to the new world of North America.

Original 13 Colonies

Reasons Why Some Englishmen came for religious freedom from the Church of England. They wanted land and wealth that they couldn’t have in England. They wanted freedom from the King’s rule. They wanted a new beginning They want adventure. They wanted gold and riches. Self-rule

Reasons Why By 1735 there were over 6 million English men women and children looking to the 13 English Colonies here in North America for a new beginning.

The Colonies Each colony was unique in it’s characteristics. However, they are grouped together based on location, reasons they were founded, and what types of industries they had. New England Colonies Rhode Island Connecticut Massachusetts New Hampshire Middle Colonies Delaware Pennsylvania New York New Jersey Southern Colonies Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia

New England Colonies

Vocabulary Puritans – Who were they? The Puritans came to New England to escape the King who punished them for their religion. They governed a strict colony that was based around the bible and the church. They had elected officials but they were male. No women could serve in the Puritan government.

Separatists – Who were they? Vocabulary Separatists – Who were they? Protestants who, during the 1600s, wanted to leave the Anglican church that King Henry VIII of England founded, in order to found their own churches in America.

Roman Catholic Church Episcopalians Baptists Protestants Lutherans Presbyterians Church of England Separatists (Pilgrims) Puritans Puritans – a group of English Protestants that tried to simplify the Church of England in the 1600’s.

England persecuted everyone that refused to agree with the Church of England. Ex.) Puritans, Separatists, Catholics Persecute – to mistreat English dissenters saw America as a place where they could worship freely! Dissent – to disagree

The Mayflower Compact The Mayflower Compact was written when in 1620. The settlers aboard the Mayflower landed north of their original destination in Virginia. The Mayflower Compact was designed to provide a framework of government for Plymouth in the absence of Virginian authority. It was significant because it established the principle of government by the consent of the governed in the New World.  Mayflower Compact First plan of self-government ever put in force in the English Colonies.

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut The Fundamental Orders Of Connecticut, adopted in 1639, was also an early document of self-governance in the New World. The Fundamental Orders were substantially more complex than the Mayflower Compact, however, and detailed an actual system of government, complete with a general assembly that was to meet at regular intervals and a process for election of officials. Fundamental orders of Connecticut America’s first written Constitution. Connecticut

The settlers here made a great deal of money fur trapping. New England Colonies The settlers here made a great deal of money fur trapping. Other economic opportunities in New England were based around the sea: fishing, shipbuilding, and whaling. The soil was rocky and so the New England Colonies were not known for their farms.

Facts New England Colonies People in New England towns lived, worked, and worshiped close together. The meeting house and the church were the most important buildings in the town.

Facts New England Colonies The Puritans settled in Massachusetts. Because they were so strict some Puritans left Massachusetts and founded the other New England Colonies. The colonies of New Hampshire, Connecticut, and Rhode Island were friendlier and more tolerant of people’s differences. Facts

New England Colonies -Quiz: What religion was in control of Massachusetts? Name three ways in which the colonies in New England made a living? What was the soil like in New England?

New England Colonies By 1750, busy cities popped up around the New England Colonies. Boston became world famous for its shipping port.

New England Colonies School One room One teacher Very strict, children were often whipped for punishment The main subject was reading.

Middle Colonies

The Breadbasket Colonies Vocabulary The Breadbasket Colonies A Nickname for the Middle Colonies because they produced so much grain: oats, wheat, rye.

People came to America from many different places to start a new life. Vocabulary Immigrant– What is an immigrant? A person that comes into a country to start a new life. People came to America from many different places to start a new life. Diversity– What is diversity? A group of people from very different backgrounds. The Middle Colonies were an interesting place to live because of the diversity among the people.

Middle Colonies The settlements here were considered a Royal Colonies. The King sent governors here to watch over the Middle Colonies. However it was difficult for the King to have much power over the colonies and many colonies were considered to be self-rules.

Economy Middle Colonies -The Middle Colonies were based on agriculture; small farms that produced many different crops. -There were also factories that produced iron.

Middle Colonies Facts -Sometimes called the “The Bread Basket” colonies because they grew so many crops for making bread. -The land was lush and fertile. - The wagon was invented in Pennsylvania and used for trade.

Middle Colonies -Quiz: what crops grew in the Middle Colonies? Name three. -What was the soil like? -Name the four Colonies in the Middle?

-Lived in New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania Middle Colonies The Quakers -This religion was a big part of life in the Middle Colonies. Although other religions were welcome, the Quakers came to Pennsylvania to escape persecution by the King of England. -Lived in New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania

Quakers and Pennsylvania Quakers were Protestant reformers: • They believed that all people were equal. “... no persons who shall …be in any case molested or prejudiced ... because of ... conscientious persuasion or practice, nor be compelled to frequent or maintain any religious worship place or ministry contrary to ... their mind, or to do or suffer any other act or thing contrary to their religious persuasion.” The Liberty Bell was cast in 1751-1753, by order of the Pennsylvania Assembly, to celebrate the 50th anniversary of William Penn's Charter of Privileges

Southern Colonies

Indigo– What is indigo? A plant that was used in making blue dye. Vocabulary Overseer– What is a overseer? Someone that was hired to watch slaves as they worked. Plantation owners hired overseers to watch the slaves and make sure they did their jobs. Indigo– What is indigo? A plant that was used in making blue dye. The farmers grew indigo plants. Indigo was an important cash crop for the Southern colonies.

Southern Colonies The settlers here, for the most part, wanted to make money. They brought their families and the slaves worked the land. Many settlers here were rich and owned large plantations. A Plantation grows only one type of crop. Very different from the farms of the Middle Colonies.

Economy Southern Colonies -almost entirely agricultural -plantations were abundant -A large part of the workforce was African slaves. -Plantations grew tobacco, rice, and indigo. Economy

Southern Colonies Facts -Slavery was legal. -Children born to slaves became slaves themselves. -Slaves were imported from Africa. -Slave traders made a great deal of money.

Colonial Life…

Facts About School Boys normally went to grammar schools while girls went to dame school. There were no chalkboards, maps, or paper. School teachers were strict and were allowed to hit their students or make them wear a dunce hat if they were bad or said the wrong answer.

Other Facts About School In the New England Colonies, children were taught to read so they could study the Bible. Boys got to also learn Latin and Math and other subjects to get into college. Girls could learn to read, but they weren't allowed to go to grammar school or to college. In the Middle Colonies, most schools were private. Students also learned other subjects so they could get into college. Girls weren't allowed to attend (unless they were Quakers). In the Southern Colonies, children were mostly taught at home. As in the other colonies, Southern girls did not go to higher schooling.

Sleigh Rides & Ice Skate Free Time Barn Raising (was a social event!) Make new clothes Sleigh Rides & Ice Skate Dances & Social Clubs Plays

Conflict in the Colonies As colonists settled and spread across New England, they entered land that was already lived on by Native Americans.

Conflict in the Colonies The Native Americans and colonists began attacking each other’s villages. They had very different ideas about owning land. Natives believed no one could own land while colonists believed you could own it if you claimed it. Arguments began to lead to war resulting in lives lost. Some tribes were nearly completely wiped out because the English settlers had many advanced weapons.

THE AMERICAN COLONIES NEW ENGLAND COLONIES MIDDLE COLONIES Region Geography Government & Economy Religion & Society NEW ENGLAND COLONIES • Coastal areas with good harbors. • Inland areas with dense forests. • Poor rocky soil & short growing season. •Small farms. Lumber mills. Fishing, Shipbuilding and Trade flourished. •Cities developed along coast. •Most people organized as congregations. (Puritans) •Lived on farms, Merchants controlled trade. •Artisans made goods, unskilled workers and slaves provided labor. MIDDLE COLONIES •Fertile soil and long growing season. •Rivers ran into backcountry. •Colonies grew large amounts of rye, oats, barley, potatoes & wheat as cash crop. •Cities on coast. •Wealthiest people owned large farms & most business. •Most farmers produced a small surplus. •Tenants farmers rented land or worked for wages. • Religious diversity: Catholic, Quaker, Protestant SOUTHERN COLONIES •Favorable climate and soil for agriculture. •Wide rivers made cities unnecessary. “Plantations” •Tobacco, rice & indigo grown on large plantations as cash crops. •Wealthy elite controlled most land. •Labor supply: indentured servants & African slaves. Religion: Anglican

People of the Colonies Large Landowners Lived on plantations Produced cash crops Used slaves and indentured servant labor Wealthy and educated Slaves Lived difficult lives Did not choose to come to colonies Once a slave / slave for life Did not get paid Worked on large plantations Colonial Farmers No slaves Small farms Raised live stock Grew grain In South grew rice, indigo, cotton, and tobacco People of the Colonies Artisans Worked as craftsmen Settled throughout the colonies Indentured Servants Contracted services in turn for cost of trip to America After 3-5 years they were free Women Served in domestic roles No political rights Little chance of education

Study your vocabulary words. There is a quiz on the next page. Vocabulary Quiz Colony colonist Middle Colony slaves Economy indigo persecution overseer Study your vocabulary words. There is a quiz on the next page.

Vocabulary Quiz Colony colonist Middle Colony slaves indigo Economy persecution overseer A plant used to make blue dye. Someone hired to watch slaves. A settler from a distant country. Land overseas owned by another country. A worker from Africa. 6. To punish people for their religious beliefs. 7. The Breadbasket Colonies. 8. How people make a living.

Vocabulary Quiz Answers: Indigo Overseer Colonist Colony slave persecute Middle Colonies Economy

Fact & opinion Decide which are facts and which are opinions. On the next slide, decide if the statement is fact or opinion. Then, tell why. Fact: A state that is supported by evidence and is true. Opinion: A statement that tells what a person might believe or feel.

Decide which are facts and which are opinions. Fact & opinion Decide which are facts and which are opinions. The settlers traded goods with each other. Farming families were the best workers. Slaves were owned by plantation owners. Leaders during this time were excellent speakers. The Quakers had the best ideas about religion. If children misbehaved in school, they would be punished. Trading is a better way to run a community than using money. The Southern colonies had many plantations.

Fact & opinion Facts opinions Write 3 facts and 3 opinions about the colonists and their lives by making a t-chart. Facts opinions