Chapter 2

 3 European powers planted 3 primitive outposts in 3 distant corners  Spanish = Santa Fe 1610  French = Quebec 1608  English = Jamestown 1607

 Protestant Reformation – Mid 1500’s  King Henry VIII  Queen Elizabeth – 1558  Protestant  Crushed the Irish 1570’s – 1580’s Confiscated Catholic Irish lands “Planted” with new Protestant landlord

 Spread Protestantism  Seizing Spanish ships / settlements  Sea Dogs  Sir Francis Drake  Deal with Elizabeth Knighted Drake  Sir Walter Raleigh  North Carolina = Roanoke Island Vanished

 1588  Philip II of Spain Spanish Armada 130 ships English = swifter / maneuverable Defeated Spain End of Spanish dominance Caribbean slips from Spain’s grasp Overextended  English naval dominance  Signed peace treaty

 Tenant farming  Wool industry  Unemployment  Overcrowded  Surplus population  Primogeniture  Joint Stock Company  Gave financial means

 Virginia Company = 1 st Charter  King James I  Gold  Passage through America  Not permanent

 May 24, 1607  3 ships  150 people  Landed in Jamestown Virginia Chesapeake Bay  Mosquito invested  Disease, malnutrition, starvation  1608  John Smith “He who shall not work shall not eat”

 Pocahontas  Powhatan  1609  400 colonists at Jamestown  “Starving Time” = winter 60 survived  1610  Relief party came  Governor = Lord De La Warr

 English raided Indian food supplies  Lord De La Warr  Declaration of War against Indians  First Anglo-Powhatan War = 1614  1614  Pocahontas marries John Rolfe

 Land hungry colonists  Disease  1622  Series of attack  347 settlers dead  Virginia Company  “Perpetual war without peace or truce”  Pushed survivors farther west

 2 nd Anglo-Powhatan War – 1644  Native Americans defeated  Peace treaty of 1646 Banished  3 D’s  Disease  Disorganization  Disposability  Native Americans served no purpose

 Horse  Migration into the Great Plains  Lakotas (Sioux)  New way of life  Disease  Extinguished cultures  Commerce  Firearms  Competition amongst tribes

 John Rolfe  Father of tobacco  Tobacco rush  Hungered for land  Economic savior  Plantation system  Needed fresh labor  Dutch brought slaves Too costly Indentured servants

 Catholic haven  Lord Baltimore  Reap financial profits  Refuge for fellow Catholics  Tobacco  Indentured servants  Religious toleration  Act of Toleration

 Spain weakened grip on West Indies  England claimed several islands  Jamaica – 1655  Sugar plantations  Rich man’s crop  Land clearing  Sugar mills  Wealthy investors  Slaves

 1700  Slaves outnumbered white settlers 4 to 1  Barbados Slave Code – 1661  Denied fundamental rights  Masters = complete control Punishments  West Indies depended on North America for food supplies  Small English farmers move North  Carolina

 Colonization interrupted during mid 1600’s  English Revolution  Developed close ties with West Indies  Stage for slave trade Used Savannah Indians = Manacled Indians  Rice = principal export crop  Charles Town  Busiest seaport / Aristocrats  Religious toleration

 Ragtag group, poverty stricken outcasts  Squatters  Riffraff  Separated from South Carolina in 1712  Democratic  Independent-minded  Lease aristocratic

 Last of the 13 colonies  Buffer  Named after King George  Received monetary subsidies  Haven for wretched souls imprisoned for debt  James Oglethorpe  “The charity colony”  Melting pot / Religious toleration Except Catholics