GLG310 Structural Geology. Force, Stress, and Strength [start reading Chapter 3] 10 October 2015GLG310 Structural Geology Introduction Dynamic analysis.

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Presentation transcript:

GLG310 Structural Geology

Force, Stress, and Strength [start reading Chapter 3] 10 October 2015GLG310 Structural Geology Introduction Dynamic analysis Force Tractions Stress Relationships between stress and strain Deformation experiments

Structural Geology Introduces the physical side of Geological Sciences and emphasizes –Geometry (shape, orientation, position, size, etc.) –Motion (beginning and ending positions and paths of particles and bodies—deformation or change in geometry) –Mechanics (explanations of why the geometry and motion are how they are) 10/10/2015GLG310 Structural Geology

Geometric and kinematic description

4 September 2012GLG310 Structural Geology Structural Analysis Descriptive Analysis –Recognize and describe structures and measure their locations, geometries and orientations Scale, Structural Elements Kinematic Analysis –Focus on motion of materials Dynamic Analysis –Interpret motions in terms of applied forces

Physical Models 10 October 2015GLG310 Structural Geology Simulate earth processes in a controlled experiment Build intuition versus actual prediction Identify controlling processes or conditions

10 October 2015GLG310 Structural Geology

Mechanics Develop simple rules to explain behavior Can be stated in symbolic or mathematical terms 10 October 2015GLG310 Structural Geology

10 October 2015GLG310 Structural Geology Isaac Newton Sir Isaac Newton was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist and theologian, who has been "considered by many to be the greatest and most influential scientist who ever lived.” Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, often referred to as simply the Principia, is a work in three books by Sir Isaac Newton, first published 5 July 1687 F=mA

10 October 2015 Force: Newton’s Laws of Motion Law I: Every body continues in its state of rest, or in uniform motion in a straight line, unless it is compelled to change its state by forces impressed upon it. GLG310 Structural Geology

master-class-9-approach-and-procedure/ master-class-9-approach-and-procedure/ 1:25 cue ball to pool ball force transfer

10 October 2015 Force: Newton’s Laws of Motion Law II: The rate of change of momentum is proportional to the impressed force and is made in the direction in which the force is impressed. GLG310 Structural Geology

10 October 2015 GLG310 Structural Geology

10 October 2015 Force: Newton’s Laws of Motion Dimensional analysis: fundamental units Mass = amount of material in a body Weight = Force due to gravity action on a body 1 liter of water has a mass of on earth it weighs on the moon it weighs GLG310 Structural Geology

10 October 2015GLG310 Structural Geology

What does a Newton feel like?

10 October 2015 What does a Newton feel like? -Davis and Reynolds (vo. 2), p. 101 GLG310 Structural Geology

Force: Forces as vectors use the tip-to-tail method to find the resultant force

Block mass is kg What is normal and shear force along base? Dip is 10 degrees.

10 October 2015GLG310 Structural Geology

Force: Newton’s Laws of Motion Law III: To every action there is always opposed an equal reaction, or the mutual actions of two bodies on each other are always equal in magnitude and opposite in direction

Force: Newton’s Laws of Motion Law III: To every action there is always opposed an equal reaction, or the mutual actions of two bodies on each other are always equal in magnitude and opposite in direction Equilibrium

10 October 2015GLG310 Structural Geology

Driving and resisting forces of plate tectonics