1 Global R&D Effort in the Technical Design Phase for the ILC I. Overview II. Superconducting RF Development Akira Yamamoto (KEK) for the ILC-GDE Project Managers To be presented at the 2 nd AISA ILC R&D Seminar, Deagu, September 29, 2008

I. Overview 2

Toward Technical Design Report Reference Design, > Technical Design Phase,

Reference Design Report, published, 2007 SC linacs: 2x11 km SC linacs: 2x11 km for 2x250 GeV for 2x250 GeV Injector centralized Injector centralized Circular damping rings Circular damping rings IR with 14 mrad crossing angle IR with 14 mrad crossing angle ParameterValue C.M. Energy500 GeV Peak luminosity2x10 34 cm -2 s -1 Beam Rep. rate5 Hz Pulse time duration1 ms Average beam current 9 mA (in pulse) Average field gradient31.5 MV/m # 9-cell cavity14,560 # cryomodule1,680 # RF units560 4

June Technical Goal for TDP : Develop an ‘ILC Project Proposal’ by 2012 Develop an ‘ILC Project Proposal’ by 2012 Results from critical R&D programs Results from critical R&D programs A complete and updated technical description A complete and updated technical description Project Implementation Plan (PIP) Project Implementation Plan (PIP) An updated and robust “Value” estimate and schedule An updated and robust “Value” estimate and schedule

Critical R&Ds in TDP SCRF SCRF High Gradient : 35 MV/m at the yield 90 % (S0) High Gradient : 35 MV/m at the yield 90 % (S0) Plug-compatibility Plug-compatibility System Engineering (S1, S2) System Engineering (S1, S2) Conventional Facilities & Siting Conventional Facilities & Siting Tunnel: Deep/Shallow, Double/Single Tunnel Tunnel: Deep/Shallow, Double/Single Tunnel Accelerator Systems Accelerator Systems Positron sources, Positron sources, Low emittance: ATF, CESR-TA Low emittance: ATF, CESR-TA 6

TD Phase 1 (~ mid 2010) Critical Tasks: Critical Tasks: SCRF: SCRF: Demonstrate % yield (S0), Demonstrate % yield (S0), Cavity-string test in Cryomodule (S1) Cavity-string test in Cryomodule (S1) Plug compatibility Plug compatibility Accelerator Systems and Conventional Facilities: Accelerator Systems and Conventional Facilities: Mitigation of electron cloud effects, Mitigation of electron cloud effects, ILC-CLIC cooperation for common subjects. ILC-CLIC cooperation for common subjects. Project Management Project Management Minimum machine design Minimum machine design Re-baseline taking place base on the TDP-1 studies Re-baseline taking place base on the TDP-1 studies Interim report in mid 2010 (Paris conf.) Interim report in mid 2010 (Paris conf.) 7

June M. Ross for PM 8 Minimum Machine Study Physics scope (WWS document) Physics scope (WWS document) GeV centre-of-mass energy range GeV centre-of-mass energy range 2x10 34 cm -2 s -1 2x10 34 cm -2 s -1 polarized electrons polarized electrons Identify cost-driving requirements and criteria Identify cost-driving requirements and criteria Push back on them to acceptable minimum Push back on them to acceptable minimum CFS will be primary target CFS will be primary target Underground volume and construction Underground volume and construction Process cooling water Process cooling water Definition document due late 2008 Definition document due late 2008 Led by Project Manager Nick Walker (DESY) and ILC Integration Scientist Ewan Paterson (SLAC) Led by Project Manager Nick Walker (DESY) and ILC Integration Scientist Ewan Paterson (SLAC)

Towards a Re-Baselining in 2010 Process Process RDR baseline & VALUE element are maintained RDR baseline & VALUE element are maintained Formal baseline Formal baseline MM elements needs to be studies/reviewed internationally MM elements needs to be studies/reviewed internationally Regional balance in the AP&D groups involved Regional balance in the AP&D groups involved Regular meetings and discussions (but top-down control from PM) Regular meetings and discussions (but top-down control from PM) Formal review and re-baseline process beginning of 2010 Formal review and re-baseline process beginning of 2010 Exact process needs definition (a PM action item for 2009) Exact process needs definition (a PM action item for 2009) Community sign-off mandatory Community sign-off mandatory MM def MM studies Re-Baseline New baseline engineering studies 2012 Non-baseline elements RDR Baseline (VALUE est.) (RDR ACD concepts and R&D)

Main Linac Specific Removal of support tunnel (single tunnel) Removal of support tunnel (single tunnel) klystron cluster klystron cluster XFEL-like XFEL-like Dubna option (surface klystron gallery)? Dubna option (surface klystron gallery)? Klystron Cluster (HLRF) Klystron Cluster (HLRF) 30 klystrons located in localised surface buildings 30 klystrons located in localised surface buildings ~300 MW RF power distributed in beam tunnel via over-moded waveguide ~300 MW RF power distributed in beam tunnel via over-moded waveguide effectively ~1km RF unit effectively ~1km RF unit Marx modulator Marx modulator Reduced cost solution for process-water cooling Reduced cost solution for process-water cooling Higher  T specification Higher  T specification alternative options

ILC R&D, Linac08, downstream upstream The waveguides share a shaft down to the accelerator tunnel and then turn, one upstream and one downstream to feed, through periodic tap-offs, a combined 64 RF units, or ~2.5 km of linac. service tunnel eliminated underground heat load greatly reduced cluster building shaft accelerator tunnel High Power RF distribution using Over-moded waveguide

Central Injectors Integration Undulator-based positron source moved to end of linac Undulator-based positron source moved to end of linac e+ and e- sources share same tunnel as BDS e+ and e- sources share same tunnel as BDS upstream BDS (e.g. integration with collimation section) upstream BDS (e.g. integration with collimation section) Including 5GeV injector linacs Including 5GeV injector linacs Removal of RDR “Keep Alive Source” Removal of RDR “Keep Alive Source” replace by few PC ‘auxiliary’ source using main (photon) target replace by few PC ‘auxiliary’ source using main (photon) target 500 MV warm linac, also in same tunnel 500 MV warm linac, also in same tunnel Damping Ring Damping Ring in BDS plane but horizontally displaced to avoid IR Hall in BDS plane but horizontally displaced to avoid IR Hall Injection/Ejection in same straight section Injection/Ejection in same straight section Circumference Circumference 6.4 km (current RDR baseline) 6.4 km (current RDR baseline) 3.2 km (possible low-P option) 3.2 km (possible low-P option) (layout / geometry options under discussion) (layout / geometry options under discussion) alternative options

Reduced Beam Power Option Reduce n b by factor of 2 (study scenario) Reduce n b by factor of 2 (study scenario) Maintain luminosity by pushing on beam-beam Maintain luminosity by pushing on beam-beam Similar to RDR Low-P parameter set, but Similar to RDR Low-P parameter set, but possible use of “travelling focus” concept possible use of “travelling focus” concept “Minimum Cost” point of RDR parameter plane “Minimum Cost” point of RDR parameter plane Largest cost leverage of all sets in the table Largest cost leverage of all sets in the table Spectrum of possible savings Spectrum of possible savings Up to ½ number of klystrons and modulators Up to ½ number of klystrons and modulators reduced circumference damping ring reduced circumference damping ring reduced associated CFS reduced associated CFS

Minimum Machine: Current Definition “Minimum Machine” Studies Central Region Integration Main Linac Specific Single-Stage Bunch Compressor Reduced Beam Power Parameter Set Quantify cost of TeV upgrade support “Minimum Machine” now refers to a set of identified options (elements) to be studied which may reduce the cost. Not a minimum in a definable sense But a potential reduced-cost solutions… with a potential higher performance risk or operational impact An alternative design (ACD-like) for study purposes Comparison with RDR baseline Cost (not performance) driven options which were not studied during RDR phase Important to restrict options to manageable levels available resources Must consider both peak and integrated performance Other “VALUE Engineering” Activities (parallel)

2. SCRF 15

16 SCRF: Outline Requirements Requirements R&D Status R&D Status Fundamental research with single-cell cavities Fundamental research with single-cell cavities Progress in 9-cell cavities Progress in 9-cell cavities Plan for Technical Design Phase Plan for Technical Design Phase High Gradient, High Gradient, Plug-compatible Engineering Plug-compatible Engineering Global Plan and Effort Global Plan and Effort Summary Summary

17 TDP Goals of ILC-SCRF R&D Field Gradient Field Gradient 35 MV/m for cavity performance (S0) 35 MV/m for cavity performance (S0) 31.5 MV/m (10 % lower) for operational gradient 31.5 MV/m (10 % lower) for operational gradient to build two x 11 km SCRF main linacs to build two x 11 km SCRF main linacs Cavity & Cryomodule Integration with Cavity & Cryomodule Integration with “Plug-compatible” concept to: “Plug-compatible” concept to: Encourage “improvement” and creative work in R&D phase Encourage “improvement” and creative work in R&D phase Motivate practical ‘Project Implementation’ to share intellectual work in global effort Motivate practical ‘Project Implementation’ to share intellectual work in global effort Accelerator System Engineering andTests Accelerator System Engineering andTests Cavity-string in one cryomodule (S1, S1-global) Cavity-string in one cryomodule (S1, S1-global) Cryomodule-string with Beam Acceleration (S2) Cryomodule-string with Beam Acceleration (S2) With one RF-unit containing 3 crymodule With one RF-unit containing 3 crymodule

Cavity Shape Design Investigated TESLA TESLA Lower E-peak Lower E-peak Lower risk of field emission Lower risk of field emission LL/IS, RE LL/IS, RE Lower B-peak Lower B-peak Potential to reach higher gradient Potential to reach higher gradient 18 LL: low-loss, IS: Ichiro-shape, RE: re-entrant

Progress in Single Cell Cavity Record of 59 MV/m achieved with the RE cavity with EP, BCP and pure-water rinsing with collaboration of Cornell and KEK Record of 59 MV/m achieved with the RE cavity with EP, BCP and pure-water rinsing with collaboration of Cornell and KEK (K. Saito, H. Padamsee et al., SRF-07) (K. Saito, H. Padamsee et al., SRF-07) 19

R&D Status of 9-Cell Cavity Europe Europe “Gradient” improved ( MV/m) with Ethanol rinse (DESY): “Gradient” improved ( MV/m) with Ethanol rinse (DESY): Large-grain cavity (DESY) Large-grain cavity (DESY) Surface process with baking in Ar-gas (Saclay) Surface process with baking in Ar-gas (Saclay) Industrial (bulk) EP demonstrated ( MV/m) (DESY) Industrial (bulk) EP demonstrated ( MV/m) (DESY) America(s) America(s) Basic research and surface process (Cornell, JLab, Fermilab) Basic research and surface process (Cornell, JLab, Fermilab) Field emission reduced with Ultrasonic Degreasing using Detergent, and “Gradient” improved (JLab) Field emission reduced with Ultrasonic Degreasing using Detergent, and “Gradient” improved (JLab) Large-grain cavity ( MV/m) (JLab) Large-grain cavity ( MV/m) (JLab) Surface process facility (Fermilab/ANL) Surface process facility (Fermilab/ANL) Vertical (cold) test facility with thermometry (Fermilab) Vertical (cold) test facility with thermometry (Fermilab) Asia Asia “Gradient” demonstrated, 36MV/m (LL, KEK-JLab), and 28 MV/m (TESLA-like in cryomodule, KEK) “Gradient” demonstrated, 36MV/m (LL, KEK-JLab), and 28 MV/m (TESLA-like in cryomodule, KEK) Optical inspection system (KEK) Optical inspection system (KEK) 20

21 ILC operation ： MV/m MV/m R&D Status ： ~ 30 MV/m to meet XFEL requirement ~ 30 MV/m to meet XFEL requirement “Operational Field Gradient” in progress at TESLA/FLASH toward EuroXFEL We need 20 % improvement to meet ILC requirement

DESY: Field Emission Analysis Cavity gradient shifted to High Gradient by ‘ethanol rinse’, except for “lowest two” (due to different reasons) 20MV/m

Industrial EP at DESY/Plansee The average gradient, 36 MV/m, achieved with AC The average gradient, 36 MV/m, achieved with AC

9-cell Progress in American Laboratories with Japanese contribution for ICHIRO-5 A (Accell), AES: TESLA shape, ICHITO: LL shape 24

9-cell LL Cavity, Ultrasonic Degreasing “ICHIRO-5” Studies at JLab-KEK Ultrasonic Cleaning with degreaser very effective to reduce field emission

TESLA-like 9-Cell Cavity at KEK Cryomodule/Horizontal test Result June 30 – July : with warm coupler and klystron connection for only BL#2: 28 MV/m achieved

SCRF Activities in Asia Participation in STF at KEK Participation in STF at KEK Cryomodule and coupler design (IHEP) Cryomodule and coupler design (IHEP) 9-cell cavity fabrication (PAL) 9-cell cavity fabrication (PAL) LL single cell (IHEP) LL single cell (IHEP) Cavity design/processing (PNU/KNU) Cavity design/processing (PNU/KNU) Joining STF operation (RRCAT) Joining STF operation (RRCAT) China China Cavity fabrication (Deep drawing, EBW, CB) (IHEP,PKU.) Cavity fabrication (Deep drawing, EBW, CB) (IHEP,PKU.) Large grain cavity (Ningxia, PKU) Large grain cavity (Ningxia, PKU) Korea Korea Works other than SCRF (RTML design, cavity BPM, DR) Works other than SCRF (RTML design, cavity BPM, DR) India India Nb material investigation Nb material investigation Cavity fabrication in cooperation with FNAL Cavity fabrication in cooperation with FNAL Cavity process in cooperation with KEK Cavity process in cooperation with KEK 27

28 Outline Introduction Introduction R&D Status R&D Status Fundamental research (with single cell cavities) Fundamental research (with single cell cavities) Progress in 9-cell cavities Progress in 9-cell cavities Plan for Technical Design Phase Plan for Technical Design Phase High Gradient, High Gradient, Plug-compatible Engineering Plug-compatible Engineering Global Plan Global Plan Summary Summary

Plan for Further High Gradient R&D 1: Research/find cause of gradient limit for quench: high resolution camera for quench: high resolution camera for field emission: further surface analysis for field emission: further surface analysis 2: develop countermeasures for quench: remove beads & pits, for quench: remove beads & pits, 3: verify countermeasures exchange problem/information exchange problem/information 4: Integrate the countermeasures install the countermeasure world-wide and install the countermeasure world-wide and get statistics get statistics 29

A New High Resolution, Optical Inspection System camera white LEDhalf mirror EL mirror motor & gear for mirror camera & lens sliding mechanism of camera tilted sheet illumination by Electro-Luminescence perpendicular illumination by LED & half mirror Camera system (7µm/pix) in 50mm diameter pipe. For visual inspection of cavity inner surface. ~600µm beads on Nb cavity 30 Iwashita (Kyoto) and Hayano (KEK) et al.

Guideline: Standard Procedure and Feedback Loop Standard Fabrication/Process (Optional action) Acceptance Test/Inspection FabricationNb-sheet purchasingChemical component analysis Component (Shape) FabricationOptical inspect., Eddy current Cavity assembly with EBWOptical inspection (Tumbling)(Optical Inspection) ProcessEP-1 (Bulk: ~150um) Ultrasonic degreasing (detergent) or ethanol rinse High-pressure pure-water rinsingOptical inspection Hydrogen degassing at 600 C (?)750 C Field flatness tuning EP-2 (~20um) Ultrasonic degreasing or ethanol(Flash/Fresh EP) (~5um)) High-pressure pure-water rinsing General assembly Baking at 120 C Cold Test (vertical test) Performance Test with temperature and mode measurement Temp. mappingIf cavity not meet specification Optical inspection 31 w/o optical inspection

Guideline: Standard Procedure and Feedback Loop Standard Fabrication/Process (Optional action) Acceptance Test/Inspection FabricationNb-sheet purchasingChemical component analysis Component (Shape) FabricationOptical inspect., Eddy current Cavity assembly with EBWOptical inspection (Tumbling)(Optical Inspection) ProcessEP-1 (Bulk: ~150um) Ultrasonic degreasing (detergent) or ethanol rinse High-pressure pure-water rinsingOptical inspection Hydrogen degassing at 600 C (?)750 C Field flatness tuning EP-2 (~20um) Ultrasonic degreasing or ethanol(Flash/Fresh EP) (~5um)) High-pressure pure-water rinsing General assembly Baking at 120 C Cold Test (vertical test) Performance Test with temperature and mode measurement Temp. mappingIf cavity not meet specification Optical inspection 32 w optical inspection

EP-1 ( um removed) After Fabrication EP-1 (25 um removed) Comparison with each treatment #4 cell equator, Z=516mm, t=103 deg

Progress and Plan for Cavity-Cryomdule Integration Europe (EU) Europe (EU) Input-coupler industrial assessment for XFEL (LAL-Orsay) Input-coupler industrial assessment for XFEL (LAL-Orsay) America(s) (AMs) America(s) (AMs) Cryomodule design (FNAL) Cryomodule design (FNAL) Cryogenic engineering (FNAL in cooperation with CERN) Cryogenic engineering (FNAL in cooperation with CERN) SCRF Test Facility (FNAL) SCRF Test Facility (FNAL) Asia (AS) Asia (AS) Cryomodule engineering design (KEK/IHEP) Cryomodule engineering design (KEK/IHEP) Superconducting test facility (KEK) Superconducting test facility (KEK) A global effort for Cavity/Cryomodule Assembly A global effort for Cavity/Cryomodule Assembly Plug-compatible integration and test in cryomodule : Plug-compatible integration and test in cryomodule : 34

35 Plug-compatibly of Cavities Important for Global Cooperation Plug-compatible interface need to be established

Plug compatible conditions at Cavity package (example) ItemCan be flexible Plug- compatibl e Cavity shapeTeSLA/L L/RE LengthRequired Beam pipe diaReuuired FlangeRequired Tuner0 Coupler flangeRequired He –in-line jointRequired Input couplerTBD

37 Why “Plug compatible” Integration and Engineering ? Encourage R&D effort specially to improve the “gradient” Encourage R&D effort specially to improve the “gradient” Cavity Type: Tesla, Low-loss (Ichiro), Re-entrant Cavity Type: Tesla, Low-loss (Ichiro), Re-entrant Material: Fine-grain or large grain Material: Fine-grain or large grain Preparation: EP, Rinsing, Preparation: EP, Rinsing, Tuner type: various designed w/ various arguments, Tuner type: various designed w/ various arguments, Input-coupler: Fixed, Tunable, However, Input-coupler: Fixed, Tunable, However, The “plug –compatible” concept is important, The “plug –compatible” concept is important, Beam pipe, cryogenics, and RF connections: need to be “plug- compatible” Beam pipe, cryogenics, and RF connections: need to be “plug- compatible” Cavity-Integration in Cryomodule: R&D in global effort Cavity-Integration in Cryomodule: R&D in global effort

Intending “plug-compatibility” Cavity Cavity Status: still in “basic research” to improve field gradient (limit), Status: still in “basic research” to improve field gradient (limit), Establish: unified interface conditions, Establish: unified interface conditions, Keep: “room” to improve field gradient, Keep: “room” to improve field gradient, Cryomodule Cryomodule Status: ready for “system engineering” Status: ready for “system engineering” Establish: unified interface conditions, Establish: unified interface conditions, Intend: nearly identical engineering design Intend: nearly identical engineering design But: need to adapt to each regional industrial constraints (for example: High Pressure Code) But: need to adapt to each regional industrial constraints (for example: High Pressure Code) 38

39 Cavity and Cryomodule Performance Test with Plug Compatibility, in Global Effort Cavity integration and the String Test to be organized with: Cavity integration and the String Test to be organized with: 2 cavities from DESY and Fermilab 2 cavities from DESY and Fermilab 4 cavities from KEK 4 cavities from KEK Each half-cryomoducle from INFN and KEK Each half-cryomoducle from INFN and KEK

40 Beam Acceleration Test with one RF Unit (S2) Plan for KEK-STF-2 in ILC-TDP2

June M. Ross for PM Global Design Effort41 Test Facility Milestones

42 Outline Introduction Introduction R&D Status R&D Status Fundamental research (with single cell cavities) Fundamental research (with single cell cavities) Progress in 9-cell cavities Progress in 9-cell cavities Plan for Technical Design Phase Plan for Technical Design Phase Cavity Gradient, Cavity Gradient, Plug-compatible Engineering Plug-compatible Engineering Global Plan and Effort Global Plan and Effort Summary Summary

Global Plan for SCRF R&D Calender Year Technical Design PhaseTDP-1TDP-2 Cavity Gradient R&D to reach 35 MV/m Process Yield > 50% Production Yield >90% Cavity-string test: with 1 cryomodule Global collab. For System Test with beam 1 RF-unit (3-modulce) FLASH (DESY) STF2 (KEK) NML (FNAL) 43

44 Cooperation with EuroXFEL and Other Projects Further SCRF Accelerator Project Plans investigated: Project X at Fermilab, SC Proton Linac at CERN, and ERL at KEK

45 Summary Technical Design Phase in progress: Technical Design Phase in progress: Phase-1: Technical reality to beexamined, Phase-1: Technical reality to beexamined, 35 MV/m with yield 50 % for 9-cell cavity and 35 MV/m with yield 50 % for 9-cell cavity and with the cavity-string in a cryomodule with the cavity-string in a cryomodule Plug-compatible crymodule to be examined with global effort. Plug-compatible crymodule to be examined with global effort. Phase-2: Technical credibility to be verified Phase-2: Technical credibility to be verified 35 MV/m with the yield 90 % for 9-cell cavity field gradient of 35 MV/m with the yield 90 % for 9-cell cavity field gradient of System engineering and beam acceleration with one RF unit and 3 cryomodules with the field gradient MV/m. System engineering and beam acceleration with one RF unit and 3 cryomodules with the field gradient MV/m. We aim for We aim for Global cooperation for the ILC SCRF technology with having plug-compatibility, and with scoping smooth extension to the ILC construction/production phase. Global cooperation for the ILC SCRF technology with having plug-compatibility, and with scoping smooth extension to the ILC construction/production phase.

46 Backup

EDR Management: 47 ILC-GDE Project Management in TDP ILC Council (ILCSC) Funding Agencies and Institutions Executive Committee Membership: TBD SCRFCF&SAcc. Sys.AsiaAmericasEurope Project Management Office EDMS Cost Management Global Design Effort Institution Instit. …. Director Accelerator Advisary Panel