Community Profile 2007 Human Development Prepared for the Tulsa Area United Way Community Investments Process By the Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa January, 2007

Community Profile 2007 Demographic Trends Human Development

Demographic Trends in Tulsa County Population growth in Tulsa County twice the pace of the City of Tulsa between 1990 and 2000; the city has actually lost population since 2000 Bixby was fastest growing place in Oklahoma between 2000 and 2005 with an increase of 39% to 18,600 Growing cultural diversity, particularly among the population <25 Hispanic population continues to expand; since 1991, number of births to Hispanic women have increased 400% to 1,486 in 2005 Population 65+ projected to make up 20% of population by 2030 (up from 12% in 2000)

Demographic Trends in Tulsa County (cont.) Population <18 projected to account for 23% of population by 2030 (down from 26% in 2000) As working age population’s share declines, the 2030 projected dependency ratio climbs to 75 per 100, up from 62 per 100 in 2000 Living arrangements are changing significantly with more children living with a single parent, especially the mother, and living with other relatives, especially grandparents Larger number of people over 65 years of age are living alone, especially women Median family income varies by race Large population of mobile renters

Tulsa’s Human Development Industry What is it? Independent and collective action of efforts to address the education, health, housing, family support, emergency financial, and transportation needs of families and individuals in Tulsa County. Increasingly these efforts seek to prevent needs through promoting increased self-sufficiency among Tulsa's people while still intervening to respond to crises and other concerns

The Roots of the Challenge Thirty Year of Economic and Social Changes Emergence of new persistent poor in late 1960's and early 1970's Massive loss of low skill/high pay jobs Sharp rise in working poor Decline in young male workers' wages Increase in female headed families Impact of substance abuse All trends disproportionately affected: ~African-Americans ~young children & young families

Human Development: Key Points Middle class is disappearing Many households lack adequate income Stress of inadequate income and related conditions is widespread Starting life in Tulsa for many is risky business

Human Development: Key Points… continued Populations of aging and persons with disabilities are large and growing Health challenges are critical to individual and community well-being Poor human conditions impact crime and growing incarcerations Overall progress in human development is tied to educational success

The Middle Class is Disappearing ~Lower income groups greatly expand, middle shrinks, highest income group increases dramatically

Many Households Lack Adequate Income ~More and more households lack adequate income to meet living needs

The Self-Sufficiency Standard Customized by specific family composition Customized by geographic location Based on all expense categories Updated annually using consumer price index …The level of income required for a family to meet its own needs

Prepared by the Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa

Stress of Inadequate Income and Related Conditions is Widespread ~Based on following key indicators : Poverty Families with children headed by women Youth not in school or high school graduates Men not employed or in labor force

“Severely Distressed” and “Distressed” Neighborhoods Definitions Census tracts with at least 3 of the 4 following characteristics: 1. Percentage of people living in poverty Severely Distressed: 27.4% or more Distressed: 14.2 to 27.3% (1 standard deviation below) 2. Percentage of families with related children headed by women with no husband present Severely Distressed: 37.1% or more Distressed: 21.6 to 37.0% (1 standard deviation below) 3. Percentage of year olds who are not enrolled in school and not high school graduates Severely Distressed: 23.0% or more Distressed: 11.5 to 22.9% (1 standard deviation below) 4. Percentage of civilian, non-institutionalized men ages who are unemployed or not in the labor force Severely Distressed: 34.0% or more Distressed: 21.8 to 33.9% (1 standard deviation below) Taken from The Annie E. Casey Foundation and The Population Reference Bureau, 2003, “The Growing Number of Kids in Severely Distressed Neighborhoods: Evidence from the 2000 Census;”

Additional Indicators of Economic Distress Public assistance programs Free & reduced school lunch program Homeless shelters Helpline and Babyline referrals

Starting Life in Tulsa for Many is Risky Business ~Combination of many risk factors takes heavy toll and early screening for risk level is inadequate

Adequate Early Screening Essential for All Children to Assess Impact of Risk Factors Some evidence indicates only small portion of children receive needed screening Sufficient data do not exist to clearly indicate extent and nature of problem

What is early intervention? Early intervention applies to children of school age or younger who are discovered to have or be at risk of developing a handicapping condition or other special need that may effect their development. Early intervention consists of the provision of services such children and their families need for the purpose of lessening the effects of the condition. Early intervention can be remedial or preventive in nature – premeditating existing developmental problems or preventing their occurrence.

Populations of Aging and Persons with Disabilities are Large and Growing ~These populations will significantly test the capacity of resources needed to enable them to be most self-sufficient

Health Challenges are Critical to Individual and Community Well-being ~Inadequate income, high risks of starting life and poor lifestyle choices contribute to major health concerns

OBESITY Trend: America’s weight gain epidemic – 25% of Americans are obese – more than doubled in 15 years. Benchmark: We must reverse this trend. Bad: Consequences – –high healthcare costs. –Increased heart disease, type II diabetes, osteoarthritis, hypertension, gallbladder disease, breast cancer, endometrial cancer and colon cancer. Bad: OK and Tulsa Co heart disease rates are higher than the rest of the nation – only one state ranks worse than OK. Lapolla, Health Policy Analysis of the Tulsa Metropolitan Area, Center for Health Policy Research and Development, OUCPH, 2005; NCHS, CDC; THD; Tulsa County Health Profile; NIH; United Health Foundation; BRFSS, CDC; St. Francis Health System FY 2004 Community Needs Assessment. OK US THD – Patel/Woodruff 9/05 Major Health Concern: Poor Lifestyle Choices -- Obesity

 Trend: Percent of adult smokers (2003): 22.7(Tulsa Co), 25.1(OK), 22.0(US), state rank=36.  Benchmark: Smoking bans in public venues, smoking cessation programs, and increasing cigarette taxes = curtailed adult smoking and youth take-up rate.  Good: OK youth smoking percent is below the national average— 26.5(OK) and 27.5(US); adult smokers declining locally, statewide and nationally (2003).  Bad: Smoking is a major cause of premature death, cardiovascular and pulmonary system disease including heart attack, stroke and cancer. THD – Patel/Woodruff 9/05 NCHS, CDC; THD;Tulsa County Health Profile; NIH; BRFSS, CDC Major Health Concern: Poor Lifestyle Choices -- Smoking

 Tulsa’s uninsured and Medicaid beneficiaries seek primary care in Tulsa hospital ERs. ER visits by Medicaid recipients actually exceeded uninsured visits by 25%.  Tulsa hospital ER patient survey found that 73% were not true emergencies: 30% treated for non-emergency conditions – another 43% could have been treated in non-emergency facilities within 48 hours.  Using hospital ERs for non-emergency care is a costly and inefficient.  Non-emergency ER use is a major contributor to overload and frequent divert status of Tulsa hospital ERs — especially in the last 2 years. THD – Patel/Woodruff 9/05 Lapolla, Health Policy Analysis of the Tulsa Metropolitan Area, Center for Health Policy Research and Development, OUCPH, 2005; THD CAP Poor health conditions create huge inefficient demand on resources - Misuse of Hospitals and Emergency Rooms

 Of the 80 largest US metro areas, only Tulsa and Wichita lack ALL the components of a traditional public healthcare safety net infrastructure for indigent care. No public or university hospital. No comprehensive sponsorship of specialties/sub- specialties at medical schools. No hospital receiving Medicaid Disproportionate Share Hospital (DSH) funds for indigent care served. No hospital specifically organized and tasked to provide indigent care. No statewide support of Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs); only one fully functional FQHC in Tulsa. Lapolla, Health Policy Analysis of the Tulsa Metropolitan Area, OU Center for Health Policy, 2005 THD – Patel/Woodruff 9/05 Overall lack of health care resources for indigent care No Local Traditional Safety Net

Higher poverty correlates closely with higher percentages of uninsured and Medicaid recipients. Oklahoma ranks 40 th in the United Health Foundation’s state index rankings, but we are right on the average for states with similar levels of poverty. Poverty may be the greatest single determining factor in a state’s health rank accounting for almost 55% of the variance explanation. Generally, states with low poverty levels can expect to achieve higher health ranking without regard to other public health measures. THD, 2005; United Health Foundation State Health Rankings, 2004 OK The Influence of Poverty on Health Rankings

Poor Human Conditions Impact Crime and Growing Incarcerations ~Trends greatly affected by substance abuse

Oklahoma’s prison population was relatively stable until 1980 when laws passed to curb illegal drug use came into effect Oklahoma’s Prison Population Source: Oklahoma State Department of Corrections, Prepared by the Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa for the Metropolitan Human Services Commission in Tulsa. Note: Number of inmates in Oklahoma prisons, data as of June 30 of each year

Department of Corrections Receptions from Tulsa County by Gender Source: Oklahoma State Department of Corrections Prepared by the Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa for the Metropolitan Human Services Commission in Tulsa.

Department of Corrections Receptions from Tulsa County by Year (by Race & Ethnic Origin) Source: Oklahoma State Department of Corrections Prepared by the Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa for the Metropolitan Human Services Commission in Tulsa. MaleFemale

Overall Progress in Human Development is Tied to Educational Success ~From preschool through post secondary education

Education Success: Preschool

Education Success: Kindergarten – 12 th Grade

Source: Oklahoma State Department of Education. THD – Patel/Woodruff 9/05 Average Daily Percent of Students Absent Tulsa County School Districts, 2004 Note: Average daily absent is the average daily membership minus the average daily attendance.

THD – Patel/Woodruff 9/05 Average Daily Percent of Students Absent Tulsa County, by Grade, 2004 Source: Oklahoma State Department of Education.

Education Success: Post-Secondary-Higher Education

Growing importance of coordination among higher education institutions to promote system efficiency System Overview The State Regents prescribe academic standards of higher education, determine functions and courses of study at state colleges and universities, grant degrees, recommend to the state Legislature budget allocations for each college and university, and recommend proposed fees within limits set by the Legislature. A primary goal for the State Regents is “System Efficiency” especially focused on reduced program duplication. Tulsa Community College provides the lower level (Freshman & Sophomore) courses in Tulsa County and articulates agreements with all state supported four-year colleges and universities in Oklahoma for students wishing to pursue a bachelor’s degree. Tulsa Community College provides educational opportunities that can lead to Associate Degrees in Arts, Science, or Applied Science and to Certificates of Achievement.

Human Development: Key Points Middle class is disappearing Many households lack adequate income Stress of inadequate income and related conditions is widespread Starting life in Tulsa for many is risky business

Human Development: Key Points… continued Populations of aging and persons with disabilities are large and growing Health challenges are critical to individual and community well-being Poor human conditions impact crime and growing incarcerations Overall progress in human development is tied to educational success

If you have questions or are interested in having the Community Profile presented to your organization, please contact Ginny Utter at the Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa at or Please visit our website csctulsa.org for more presentations and reports on a wide array of human services topics. Community Profile is a product of the Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa.