Q G  LIP SYNC  LOUDNESS  5.1 SURROUND

Q G Lip Sync  Why errors are hard to detect  Why they happen  What to do

Q G 1 - Errors Below Threshold  Scenario Show: -1 frame, looks OK Station: -1 frame, looks OK Broadcast show: -2 frames, looks bad  Solution: All sync must be correct (not just look it) NETA Quality Workshop

Q G 2 - Errors That Cancel  Scenario Show: -3 frames Station: +3 frames Broadcast show: 0 frames, looks good But two wrongs don’t make a right! Good shows will look bad on this station!  Solution: All sync must be correct NETA Quality Workshop

Q G 3 - Errors That Drift  Scenario Broadcast now: Good Broadcast later: Bad  Solution: Be careful! Change channels!  Millions of commercial and consumer MPEG decoders drift! NETA Quality Workshop

Q G 4 - Error Perception That Drifts  Scenario Sync now: looks Good Same sync later: Bad  Solution: Patience Need tight shots of people talking Some people talk out of sync! Stare at sync long enough, you will start seeing things! NETA Quality Workshop

Q G Station Production Tips  Delay audio with every video delay Framesyncs Switcher effects LCD & plasma displays! Don’t trust your ears TEST! NETA Quality Workshop

Q G Station Master Control Tips  Align sync at every point Framesyncs & processors MPEG & ATSC encoder settings Surprises Don’t trust your ears TEST! NETA Quality Workshop

Q G Test Tools  Edit Suites and QC Stations syncheck.com  Station Master Control ID with 1 frame dot and beep, then non-linear editor Normal programming with Miranda or Evertz solutions NETA Quality Workshop

Q G Consumer Tips  LCD & Plasma TV's Internal decoder should be OK Separate decoder & audio systems require offset!  MPEG decoders Try changing channels NETA Quality Workshop

Q G TV Loudness  Why it started out bad  How it got better  What to do  Impact of CALM act

Q G Industry Progress  Early Confusion  Subsequent Conflict & Loudness Wars  Recent Consensus: ATSC A85! NETA Quality Workshop

Q G CALM Act  Passed Sept 29, 2010  Requires FCC to establish rule by Sept 29, 2011: Applies to all stations, cable and other MVPDs “Commercial” loudness must comply with ATSC A85 Installing “Complaint” processing will satisfy FCC Two 1-year waivers allowed for hardship NETA Quality Workshop

Q G CALM Act Questions for PTV  What is a “Commercial”? Are funder credits, promos and ID’s included?  What is the measurement interval? The duration of the “spot”, or shorter?  Can we maintain program dynamics? Tightly control submissions and avoid processing? NETA Quality Workshop

Q G Production Tips  Buy an LKFS meter (BS.1770) Your mix engineers will like it!  No money? Dialog peaks at -10 dBFS works pretty well  Produce content to -24 LKFS Average over entire show, ± 2 dB Dramatic moments can still be ±10 dB! NETA Quality Workshop

Q G Station Tips  Set plant for unity gain  Set encoder dialnorm to -24  Get an LKFS meter (BS.1770)  Measure day-long compliance with -24 LKFS  Apply processing if needed  Compare local stations and share NETA Quality Workshop

Q G Tolerance

Q G 5.1 Surround  Submission  Broadcast

Q G 5.1 Surround Submission  PBS Requirement deferred beyond 2011  Upmix Insure compatible downmix - demand from your vendor!  5.1 Production Insure compatible downmix - demand from your engineer! Traditionally all dialog in C only Calibrate your LFE NETA Quality Workshop

Q G 5.1 Surround Broadcast  Increasing Demand Consumers are building theaters PBS will be supplying more content  For PCM, decoder needed for every IRD  NGIS NRT eliminates this expense Compelling 5.1 shows will arrive early via NRT NETA Quality Workshop

Q G PCM Plant - SAP on 7/8 NETA Quality Workshop

Q G PCM Plant - SAP on 3/4 NETA Quality Workshop