Mouse Events

Mouse Driven Events Unlike control_click() which is passed no arguments (unless it's an index for an array), MouseDown, MouseUp and MouseMove events have much more information available –Button as integer - which mouse button(s) were pressed –Shift as integer - which modifier keys were pressed –X and Y as single - the location of the mouse pointer in the coordinate system of the object receiving the mouse event

Mouse Driven Events (2) Button –Status of the mouse buttons 1 - Left Button 2 - Right Button 4 - Middle Button –Multiple buttons are treated as multiple events for MouseUp and MouseDown

Mouse Driven Events (3) Shift –Keys (Shift, Control and Alt) 1 - Shift Key 2 - CTRL Key 4 - ALT Key –Any or all of the modifier keys can be set

Mouse Driven Events (4) For the Button or Shift arguments, bitwise logical testing must be performed to determine state. Examples –(shift AND 3) = 3 tests for Shift and CTRL keys pressed –(Button AND 2) = 2 tests Right button only –(Button AND 3) = 2 tests for Right button only

Mouse Positioning Example #1 Create a form with a textbox and code: Private Sub Form_MouseUp(...) moveit = False end sub Private Sub Form_MouseDown(...) moveit = True Call Form_Mousemove(Button, Shift, X, Y) End Sub Private Sub Form_MouseMove(…) If moveit Then Text1.Move X, Y End Sub

Mouse Positioning Example #2 Etch-a-sketch Private Sub Form_MouseMove(Button As Integer, Shift As Integer, X As Single, Y As Single) Line -(X, Y) End Sub

Mouse Positioning Example #3 Improved Etch-a-sketch dim moveit Private Sub Form_Mousemove(…, X, Y) If moveit Then Line -(X, Y) : rem circle (x,y), 50 End Sub Private Sub Form_MouseUp(…, X, Y) Form1.CurrentX = X Form1.CurrentY = Y Call Form_Mousemove(Button, Shift, X, Y) moveit = Not (moveit) End Sub

Mouse Click, Up, Down What occurs in what sequence? –Mouse Down is first –Mouse up is second –mouse click is third –mouse up always follows a double click –mouse move always follows a mouse click

List / Combo Boxes

Three types of list controls List controls –Drop-down list –Combo-Box The last set is “initialized” with the contents of the appropriate drive directory These two must be initialized via code

List Box Control Allows the user to select from a specified set of options (but he cannot enter an unlisted value) Presented as a single window with the items listed sequentially Selections must be initialized via code (often as part of form_load) The columns property permits display of multiple columns of data in a snaking fashion (horizontal scroll as well as vertical scroll) The multiSelect property allows selecting multiple items which are placed in the list property (an array ) and identified by the selected property (an array) –selected(i) = true indicates that the related element of list(i) has been selected

AddItem Method Used to add items to a list box Syntax –control.AddItem item –item is the expression you want displayed, and it can be either numeric or string –if item is a literal string constant, then it must be enclosed in quotation marks

Arrangement of List Box Items By use, with the most used entries appearing first in the list Sorted in ascending order either alphabetically, numerically, or chronologically

Sorted Property Can be set to either the Boolean value True or the Boolean value False If set the True, the list box items will be sorted in ascending order If set to False, the list box items will appear in the order in which they were entered

ListIndex Property You can use the ListIndex property to refer to an item in the list box The first item in a list box has a ListIndex value of 0 If no items are selected in the list box, the ListIndex property has a value of -1

Default Item It is customary to select a default item in a single-selection list box when the interface first appears –the default item should be either the most used selection or the first selection in the list –lstName.ListIndex = 0 will select the first item in the lstName list box A default selection typically is not made in a multi-selection list box

List Box Initialization Example Dim I, start_pos, stop_pos, months, thismonth thismonth = month(Now) ' note: month returns 1-12 months = "January February March April May June " months = months & "July August September October November December " start_pos = 1 For item_number = 0 To 11 ' item numbers are zero-based stop_pos = InStr(start_pos, months, " ") List1.AddItem Trim(Mid(months, start_pos, stop_pos - start_pos)), item_number start_pos = stop_pos + 1 Next item_number ' note: listindex is 0-based so we have to subtract 1 to get the correct month selected List1.ListIndex = thismonth - 1

Combo Box Control (three styles) Drop Down (Style 0) –Like a one-line text box with a list attached –User can select a value or enter one of his own –Options are not shown unless user displays them Simple Combo Box (Style 1) –Always shows the list of options to the user if you design the box large enough –User can select a value or enter one of his own Drop Down List Box (Style 2) –List is not displayed until user clicks down arrow –User can only select from list of options –Typing in the text box scrolls to best fit option

Lists & Combo Boxes The Integralheight property –if true will force box size to display an integral number of lines and no partial lines –if false will retain box design dimensions, but may display partial lines The listindex property contains the index (0-based) of the selected item (-1 = no item selected) The additem method (not event) is used to add or replace an item The removeitem method is used to remove an item The clear method will remove all items

Lists & Combo Boxes (2) The sorted property sorts the list but can be very slow when adding to large lists The text property contains the last selected item The listcount property contains the number of items, always one more than the maximum listindex The topindex property contains the index value for the top of the displayed portion of the list when there is a vertical scroll bar There are other methods available (Use Object Browser to see them)

List & Combo Box Differences Selected and List properties –only for List Boxes which allow multiple selections Change event –only for combo boxes and only when a new entry is typed in Dropdown event –only for dropdown combo and dropdown list

Variable Arrays

A group of variables that have the same name and data type and are related in some way Can have as many as 60 dimensions in Visual Basic; the most commonly used arrays are one-dimensional and two-dimensional Programmers use arrays to store related data in the internal memory of the computer Data stored inside the computer can be both written and read much faster than data stored in a file on a disk

Variable Arrays A one-dimensional array is simply a row (or column) of variables; a two-dimensional array resembles a table in that it has rows and columns Each element in an array is identified by a subscript You refer to an array element by the array’s name followed by the element’s subscript

Variable Arrays (2) Lower-bound is zero by default unless –option base 1 is declared, in which case it is 1 –it is explicitly declared using the to keyword dim cards(1 to 52) dim line_numbers(100 to 1000) Upper element designated by a long in parentheses after the name - ex. dim cards(51) (an array of 52 items numbered 0-51) Arrays must usually be initialized before use using some kind of looping construct or the array statement dim x(4) x = array(5,7,9,"this",true)

One-dimensional Array NebraskaNew JerseyNew Mexico Tennessee Texas Nebraska New Jersey New Mexico Tennessee Texas

Two-dimensional Array Nebraska New Jersey New Mexico Tennessee Texas Lincoln Trenton Santa Fe Nashville Austin

One-dimensional Array –Dim arrayname(lower subscript To upper subscript) As datatype –Public arrayname(lower subscript To upper subscript) As datatype lower subscript and upper subscript are numbers that define the lowest and the highest subscript in the array –The Dim (and Public) statements create and initialize the array variables in memory

One-dimensional Array –Dim strMonthArray(1 To 6) As String –Dim intSquareArray(1 To 5) As Integer –Dim sngNum(1 To 10) As Single –Dim udtEmp(1 To 20) As EmpStruc –Note: It is not necessary for an array name to contain the word “Array.”

One-dimensional Array strMonthArray(1) = “Jan” strMonthArray(2) = “Feb” strMonthArray(3) = “Mar” strMonthArray(4) = “Apr” strMonthArray(5) = “May” strMonthArray(6) = “June”

One-dimensional Array For intNum = 1 to 5 intSquareArray(intNum) = intNum * intNum Next intNum For intNum = 1 to 10 sngNum(intNum) = Val(InputBox(“Enter number”)) Next intNum

One-dimensional Array Do While Not EOF(1) intNum = intNum + 1 Input #1, udtEmp(intNum).Name, udtEmp(intNum).Salary Loop

Array Initialization Use loops to initialize dim row as integer, col as integer static big_matrix(1 to 5, 1 to 10) as integer for row = 1 to 5 for col = 1 to 10 big_matrix (row,col) = row*10+col next col next row

Calculating the Average Declare variables Repeat for intNum = 1 to 20 by 1 add array score to intTotal variable End repeat for intNum Calculate the average by dividing intTotal by 20 Display the average

Finding the Highest Value Declare variables Assign first array value to intHigh variable Repeat for intNum = 2 to 20 by 1 If current array value > intHigh value then assign current array value to intHigh End If End repeat for intNum Display the highest value(stored in intHigh)

Updating an Array Declare variables Prompt user for the value to add Repeat for intNum = 2 to 20 by 1 add value to current array value End repeat for intNum Display “Updated” message Open a file Repeat for intNum = 1 to 20 by 1 Write array value to file End repeat for intNum Close the file

Two-dimensional Array Dim arrayname(lower subscript To upper subscript, lower subscript To upper subscript) As datatype Public arrayname(lower subscript To upper subscript, lower subscript To upper subscript) As datatype

Two-dimensional Array –Dim strNameArray(1 To 6, 1 To 3) As String –Dim intNum(1 To 5, 1 To 10) As Integer –Dim sngSales(1 To 20, 1 To 2) As Single –Note: It is not necessary for an array name to contain the word “Array.”

Two-dimensional Array Declare variables Open the file Repeat for intRow = 1 to 4 by 1 Repeat for intCol = 1 To 2 by 1 Read name from file and store it in the current array element End repeat for intCol End repeat for intRow Close the file