Conservation Ecology:  According to Odum (1971) “as the process which is concerned with the use, preservation, and proper management of the natural resources of the earth and their protection from destructive influences, misuse, decay, fire or waste”.

Aims of conservation.  to ensure the preservation of a quality environment that considers esthetic and recreational as well as product needs.  to insure a continuous yield of useful plants and animals and materials by establishing a balanced cycle of harvest and renewable.

Conservation of Natural Resources: A.Minerals- non-renewable. Sources: a)terrestrial: iron, copper, gold, silver, aluminium, lead, zinc etc. b)marine: Sodium chloride, magnesium, bromine, natural gas, petroleum products. B.Soils: renewable resources (complex mixture of physical, chemical and biological materials). Main causes for the loss of soil resources:  Natural factors:  Wind  Water-heavy rainfall, running water, river etc.  Human induced factors:  Removal of vegetation for agricultural farmlands  Continuous use of land for growing the same crops

C.Water: (renewable resource)  Two main causes of natural catastrophic disasters for the lost of water resources: (a) flood- loss of top soil (b) draught- waterless soils D.Forests:(renewable resources) Uses: fuel, timber, lumber (unwanted pieces of furniture that occupies spaces), paper, fodder etc. E.Wildlife: (renewable natural resources)- any or all uncultivated and undomesticated life. F.Agriculture and aquaculture: (food conservation)

According to Cloud’s theory (1970), “demographic quotient” (Q) concept is very useful for the conservation of Natural Resources. Total resources available Population density x per capita consumption Q =