Angel C. Alcala University Research Professor Silliman University, Dumaguete City Academic Initiatives in Coastal and Marine Resources Management

Introduction

General Education -- majority of HEIsGeneral Education -- majority of HEIs Introduction Technology -- Agriculture, Fisheries, Engineering, IT, Biotech.Technology -- Agriculture, Fisheries, Engineering, IT, Biotech. Sciences -- Biology, Chemistry, Geology, Physics, Oceanography, Mathematics, Environmental ScienceSciences -- Biology, Chemistry, Geology, Physics, Oceanography, Mathematics, Environmental Science Primary Academic Thrusts of HEIs

UPV and other state colleges -- how to catch more fish, how to make fishing gears more effective.UPV and other state colleges -- how to catch more fish, how to make fishing gears more effective. Major problems beginning in the 1970s -- habitat degradation, depletion of fisheries due to over-fishing.Major problems beginning in the 1970s -- habitat degradation, depletion of fisheries due to over-fishing. In the 1980s, too many fishers chasing too few fish; warning issued by two major papers (Silvestre & Pauly 1997).In the 1980s, too many fishers chasing too few fish; warning issued by two major papers (Silvestre & Pauly 1997). Introduction Fisheries

Now, government agencies unable to stem the tide of fishery depletion and environmental destruction (see Smith 1980; In Turbulent Seas, 2004).Now, government agencies unable to stem the tide of fishery depletion and environmental destruction (see Smith 1980; In Turbulent Seas, 2004). Introduction Fisheries Now, realization of need for resource protection and management (CRM) away from centralized mode of management (CBCRM) (see Ferrer et al. 1996)Now, realization of need for resource protection and management (CRM) away from centralized mode of management (CBCRM) (see Ferrer et al. 1996) Need for a new paradigm on fisheries conservation.Need for a new paradigm on fisheries conservation.

Challenges to Academe

Conservation/Preservation of BiodiversityConservation/Preservation of Biodiversity Challenges to Academe Sustainable fisheriesSustainable fisheries

1.How can marine/fishery habitats be made to recover? 2.How can fisheries be managed? 3.How can marine biodiversity be conserved/preserved? 4.How can local communities/LGUs benefit from protective management? Challenges to Academe Guide Questions:

Responses of Academe

Research on MPAsResearch on MPAs Responses of Academe Municipal marine and inland fishery production in the Philippines (BAS, DA).

Publication and dissemination of results of marine protectionPublication and dissemination of results of marine protection Responses of Academe Total annual catch from the nonreserve areas, and estimates of biomass in the no-take reserves, at Sumilon and Apo Islands.

Establishment and monitoring of MPAs based on research resultsEstablishment and monitoring of MPAs based on research results Responses of Academe Marine reserves in the Bohol Sea (left) and graph showing relative decline in municipal fisheries production due partly to the conversion of mangroves to fishponds (Primavera 1995) (right).

Ensure sustainable sources of income with no negative effects on the environmentEnsure sustainable sources of income with no negative effects on the environment Responses of Academe

IEC activities such as workshops, conferences, meetingsIEC activities such as workshops, conferences, meetings Responses of Academe

Advocate for inclusion of research results in lawmaking (e.g., R.A. 8550, Fishery Code)Advocate for inclusion of research results in lawmaking (e.g., R.A. 8550, Fishery Code) Responses of Academe

Assessment of track records of HEIs (n=1,760)

1.CHED MAEP program on biodiversity in in state colleges (several graduates at the master’s level) Assessment of track records of HEIs 2.< 10 HEIs involved actively and meaningfully in CRM-related research and CRM practice; few offer graduate programs in marine science. 25 students in marine biology and aquaculture took their master’s degrees. 3.Marine area of country is 7 times the land area of 30 million ha.; country is an archipelago (not widely appreciated).

4.CRM projects ignore experts in small colleges, who need involvement for experience purposes (e.g. Bohol, Palawan) Assessment of track records of HEIs 5.Some regions lack marine biology, oceanography experts; sometimes too academic (e.g. northern Luzon, Mindanao in general). 6.Integrate population control in community- based CRM projects.

What needs to be done?

1.Strengthen existing programs. What needs to be done? 2.Increase number of HEIs involved in marine science. 3.Apply research findings to CRM; few HEIs doing this.