Lifespan Development Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood Chapter 13

Physical Functioning Primary Aging Primary Aging Secondary Aging Secondary Aging

Physical Functioning Primary Aging Primary Aging Secondary Aging Secondary Aging Brain Development Brain Development Limbic Limbic Sex Differences Sex Differences White Matter –Myelin - Men White Matter –Myelin - Men Grey Matter – Cell bodies/ Axon terminals Grey Matter – Cell bodies/ Axon terminals Peak in Physical Functioning Peak in Physical Functioning

Health & Wellness STDs STDs 19 Million STDs are one of the most critical health challenges facing the nation today. CDC estimates that there are 19 million new infections every year in the United States. $17 Billion STDs cost the U.S. health care system $17 billion every year—and cost individuals even more in immediate and life-long health consequences Rates of loss vary due to … Rates of loss vary due to … Health Habits Health Habits Social Support Social Support Sense of Personal Control Sense of Personal Control Abuse – Global Health Problem Abuse – Global Health Problem Causes? Causes? Types – “Violence is Violence” Types – “Violence is Violence” Sexual Violence Sexual Violence Causes Causes

Rates of Mental Illnesses Higher Incidence than in Middle Adulthood – Why? Higher Incidence than in Middle Adulthood – Why? Schizophrenia Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia, a term introduced by Bleuler, names a persistent, often chronic and usually serious mental disorder affecting a variety of aspects of behavior, thinking, and emotion. Patients with delusions or hallucinations may be described as psychotic. Thinking may be disconnected and illogical. Peculiar behaviors may be associated with social withdrawal and disinterest. Schizophrenia, a term introduced by Bleuler, names a persistent, often chronic and usually serious mental disorder affecting a variety of aspects of behavior, thinking, and emotion. Patients with delusions or hallucinations may be described as psychotic. Thinking may be disconnected and illogical. Peculiar behaviors may be associated with social withdrawal and disinterest.Bleulermental disorderdelusions hallucinationspsychoticBleulermental disorderdelusions hallucinationspsychotic Diagnostic criteria for Schizophrenia (cautionary statement) Diagnostic criteria for Schizophrenia (cautionary statement)cautionary statementcautionary statement A. Characteristic symptoms: Two (or more) of the following, each present for a significant portion of time during a 1-month period (or less if successfully treated): (1) delusions (2) hallucinations (3) disorganized speech (e.g., frequent derailment or incoherence) (4) grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior(5) negative symptoms, i.e., affective flattening, alogia, or avolition A. Characteristic symptoms: Two (or more) of the following, each present for a significant portion of time during a 1-month period (or less if successfully treated): (1) delusions (2) hallucinations (3) disorganized speech (e.g., frequent derailment or incoherence) (4) grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior(5) negative symptoms, i.e., affective flattening, alogia, or avolition symptomsdelusionshallucinationsderailmentcatatonicnegative symptomsaffective flattening alogiaavolitionsymptomsdelusionshallucinationsderailmentcatatonicnegative symptomsaffective flattening alogiaavolition

Rates of Mental Illnesses Higher Incidence than in Middle Adulthood – Why? Higher Incidence than in Middle Adulthood – Why? Schizophrenia Schizophrenia Personality Disorders Personality Disorders

Diagnostic criteria for Paranoid Personality Disorder (cautionary statement) Diagnostic criteria for Paranoid Personality Disorder (cautionary statement) cautionary statementcautionary statement A. A pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others such that their motives are interpreted as malevolent, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by four (or more) of the following: A. A pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others such that their motives are interpreted as malevolent, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by four (or more) of the following: (1) suspects, without sufficient basis, that others are exploiting, harming, or deceiving him or her (2) is preoccupied with unjustified doubts about the loyalty or trustworthiness of friends or associates (3) is reluctant to confide in others because of unwarranted fear that the information will be used maliciously against him or her (4) reads hidden demeaning or threatening meanings into benign remarks or events (5) persistently bears grudges, i.e., is unforgiving of insults, injuries, or slights (6) perceives attacks on his or her character or reputation that are not apparent to others and is quick to react angrily or to counterattack (7) has recurrent suspicions, without justification, regarding fidelity of spouse or sexual partner (1) suspects, without sufficient basis, that others are exploiting, harming, or deceiving him or her (2) is preoccupied with unjustified doubts about the loyalty or trustworthiness of friends or associates (3) is reluctant to confide in others because of unwarranted fear that the information will be used maliciously against him or her (4) reads hidden demeaning or threatening meanings into benign remarks or events (5) persistently bears grudges, i.e., is unforgiving of insults, injuries, or slights (6) perceives attacks on his or her character or reputation that are not apparent to others and is quick to react angrily or to counterattack (7) has recurrent suspicions, without justification, regarding fidelity of spouse or sexual partner B. Does not occur exclusively during the course of Schizophrenia, a Mood Disorder With Psychotic Features, or another Psychotic Disorder and is not due to the direct physiological effects of a general medical condition. Note: If criteria are met prior to the onset of Schizophrenia, add "Premorbid," e.g., "Paranoid Personality Disorder (Premorbid)." B. Does not occur exclusively during the course of Schizophrenia, a Mood Disorder With Psychotic Features, or another Psychotic Disorder and is not due to the direct physiological effects of a general medical condition. Note: If criteria are met prior to the onset of Schizophrenia, add "Premorbid," e.g., "Paranoid Personality Disorder (Premorbid)."Schizophrenia Mood DisorderPremorbidSchizophrenia Mood DisorderPremorbid

Diagnostic criteria for Narcissistic Personality Disorder (cautionary statement) Diagnostic criteria for Narcissistic Personality Disorder (cautionary statement) cautionary statementcautionary statement A pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy or behavior), need for admiration, and lack of empathy, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by five (or more) of the following: A pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy or behavior), need for admiration, and lack of empathy, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by five (or more) of the following: grandiosity (1) has a grandiose sense of self-importance (e.g., exaggerates achievements and talents, expects to be recognized as superior without commensurate achievements) (1) has a grandiose sense of self-importance (e.g., exaggerates achievements and talents, expects to be recognized as superior without commensurate achievements) (2) is preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, or ideal love (2) is preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, or ideal love (3) believes that he or she is "special" and unique and can only be understood by, or should associate with, other special or high-status people (or institutions) (3) believes that he or she is "special" and unique and can only be understood by, or should associate with, other special or high-status people (or institutions) (4) requires excessive admiration (4) requires excessive admiration (5) has a sense of entitlement, i.e., unreasonable expectations of especially favorable treatment or automatic compliance with his or her expectations (5) has a sense of entitlement, i.e., unreasonable expectations of especially favorable treatment or automatic compliance with his or her expectations (6) is interpersonally exploitative, i.e., takes advantage of others to achieve his or her own ends (6) is interpersonally exploitative, i.e., takes advantage of others to achieve his or her own ends (7) lacks empathy: is unwilling to recognize or identify with the feelings and needs of others (7) lacks empathy: is unwilling to recognize or identify with the feelings and needs of others (8) is often envious of others or believes that others are envious of him or her (8) is often envious of others or believes that others are envious of him or her (9) shows arrogant, haughty behaviors or attitudes (9) shows arrogant, haughty behaviors or attitudes

Cognitive Changes Beyond Piaget? Beyond Piaget? Dialectic Thought Dialectic Thought Types of Intelligence Types of Intelligence Crystallized Crystallized Fluid Fluid Memory Memory Processing Processing

Post Secondary Education Benefits Benefits Traditional v. Non-traditional Traditional v. Non-traditional Students with Disabilities Students with Disabilities Gender Differences Gender Differences

Lifespan Development Social and Personality Development in Early Adulthood Chapter 14

Personality Development Erikson – Erikson – Intimacy v. Isolation Intimacy v. Isolation Social Role Theory Social Role Theory Evolutionary Theory Evolutionary Theory Duplication of Relationships Duplication of Relationships

Intimate Relationships 2 Primary Factors Considered 2 Primary Factors Considered Attachment Attachment Love Love Sternberg’s model of Love Sternberg’s model of Love Intimacy Intimacy Passion Passion Commitment Commitment Combine to form 7 types of love

Marriage Quality of Relationships _____________ Quality of Relationships _____________ What would you suggest to reverse or halt this tendency? What would you suggest to reverse or halt this tendency? _______ oriented activities v. leisure activities _______ oriented activities v. leisure activities Happiness and Health Scales for married v. single Happiness and Health Scales for married v. single Divorced young adults experience more loneliness and depression. Why? Divorced young adults experience more loneliness and depression. Why?

Marriages Successful Types Successful Types Validating Validating Volatile Volatile Avoidant Avoidant Unsuccessful Types Unsuccessful Types Hostile Engaged Hostile Engaged Hostile Detached Hostile Detached Divorce Divorce Economic Effects Economic Effects Social Support Social Support

Parenthood Historically adults wanted to be parents – Why? Historically adults wanted to be parents – Why? Can lead to relationship dissatisfaction - ? Can lead to relationship dissatisfaction - ? Positive Factors Positive Factors

Work/Vocation Contributors to choice of profession Contributors to choice of profession Job Satisfaction rises steadily due to: Job Satisfaction rises steadily due to: Identification Identification Greater chances for promotion Greater chances for promotion Increased earnings Increased earnings 2 stages in the work role 2 stages in the work role Trial Trial Establishment Establishment Work & division of labor in the home. Work & division of labor in the home.