Developed By Information Technology Services University Of Saskatchewan

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S2 SPSS Introductory Course Topics Windows XP Review (/Vista/7) SPSS Version 17.0 Introduction SPSS Data Window SPSS Analysis SPSS Output Window SPSS Advanced Topics

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S3 Windows XP (/Vista/7) Review Desktop –Taskbar Start Button Toolbars Mouse –Left Mouse Click –Right Mouse Click –Double Clicking –Dragging Start Windows Applications –Start Button –Desktop Icons

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S4 Windows XP (/Vista/7) Desktop, Taskbar, Start Button, Icons The DESKTOP Start Button Taskbar Taskbar Program Buttons Desktop Icons

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S5 Windows XP (/Vista/7) The Start Menu The DESKTOP The START MENU Place The Mouse Pointer On The START Button & Single Click To Pop Up The START MENU

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S6 Typical Application Interface (SPSS Window In Data View) Menu Bar & Menu Items Title Bar OPEN FILE Mouse Pointer With Its ‘Hint Bubble’ Showing Minimize Restore Close Buttonbar (Toolbar) Buttons Scroll Bar (Horizontal) Status Bar Scroll Bar (Vertical)

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S7 SPSS Version 17.0 Introduction Starting SPSS –Minimize, Maximize, Restore & Close SPSS Open File Save & Save As File General Application Interface SPSS Windows –Data Editor Window –Output Window –Syntax Window –Navigate the Windows

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S8 Starting SPSS From The Start Menu Click On START Button To Pop Up The MAIN Menu Drag Pointer To “…All PROGRAMS” (Sub- menu Pops Up) Move Pointer To Sub-menu, Then Move To Desired Item & Single-click. Application Starts 132

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S9 SPSS Start Screen Select Desired Option for: 1.Opening An Existing Dataset, Or - 2.Creating A New Dataset, Or – 3. Running Tutorials Select Desired Option for: 1.Opening An Existing Dataset, Or - 2.Creating A New Dataset, Or – 3. Running Tutorials

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S10 To Access SPSS Version Number 1 Move Pointer To About & Click 2 Click On Help This Dialog Box Pops Up. It Shows Version, Release Dates, Registration Information. Click On “OK” Button To Close Or Home Page For Website 3

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S11 A SYNTAX Window SPSS Windows A DATA Window An OUTPUT Window An OUTPUT Window Navigation Menu (To Switch Windows)

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S12 SPSS Data Window In Data View Toolbar Menu Bar & Menu Items Open Data File Save File Print Dialog Recall Variables Find Goto Case Insert Variable Insert Case Select Cases Value Labels Data View Tab Variable View Tab Holding The Cursor On A Button Shows Its Function

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S13 SPSS Data Window In Variable View Data View Tab Variable View Tab Variable Name Variable Type Variable Width & Decimals Depend On Type Variable Label Value Labels Missing Values Input Column Width Set Measurement Level

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S14 SPSS Output Window Export (Toolbar) Buttonbar Menu Bar & Menu Items Return To Data Window Print Preview Select Last Output Designate Output Open Output File

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S15 SPSS Syntax Window Buttonbar Run Current Syntax Menu Bar & Menu Items Syntax Help Undo/Redo Button Open Syntax File Navigation Pane

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S16 Designating An Active Window In Output & Syntax Windows This Window is Currently Active (Output Sent to This Window) Grayed Out Cross Indicates Window is Currently Active Click Green Cross Button to Make This Window Active

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S17 Designating An Active Data Set In Data Window Select Data Window From List

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S18 Designating An Active Data Set In Syntax Window Select Data Window From List

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S19 The Data Editor Window Opening An Existing File Navigating The Data Editor Window –Data view tab –Variable view tab Modifying data Creating A New Data File –Create variables –Copy variables –Modify variables –Move variables Creating Variables Saving Data

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S20 Data Editor: Open Existing File Double Click On The File You Wish To Open Click On Open File Button This Opens The Open File Dialog Box This Opens The Open File Dialog Box Click On File & Open From The File Menu Or

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S21 Modifying Data—Cell Address & Data Bar Cell Address Bar: When Cell Is Highlighted It Shows Row Number & Variable Name Cell Address Bar: When Cell Is Highlighted It Shows Row Number & Variable Name Data Bar (Shows Value) Highlighted Cell To Change The Value In This Cell Type In New Value & Hit Return

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S22 Data Editor Keyboard Navigation Access Under HELP Menu, Topics, KEYBOARD NAVIGATION

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S23 Creating A New Data File Drag Pointer To New Click On DATA Menu Drops Down Submenu Pops Up Click on FILE

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S24 Creating A Variable In Data View Click EDIT New VARIABLE Is Inserted And Then Click On INSERT VARIABLE Click INSERT VARIABLE Button 2 Or Data View Tab Selected 1

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S25 Creating A Variable In Variable View Click EDIT New VARIABLE is Inserted And Then Click on INSERT VARIABLE or 1 Variable View Tab Selected Click INSERT VARIABLE Button 2

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S26 Variable Names & Types Click On The Variable View Tab VARIABLE TYPE Dialog Box Pops Up, Select Type Desired, And Other Parameters Such As Width, Or Decimals To Change From The Default Variable Name--directly Type In Your Own Variable Name: (Hint-a Short Description Of Variable) 1 2 To Change Variable Types Click On The Ellipsis (…) To Pop Up The Variable Type Dialog Box 3

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S27 Parameter Dialog Boxes for Different Variable Types Settings Area Settings Area Numeric, Comma, Dot & Scientific Date String Dollar Custom Currency

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S28 Variable Labels & Value Labels Change Or Add Variable Labels (Full Description Of Variable) By Typing Directly In The Cell Change Or Add Variable Labels (Full Description Of Variable) By Typing Directly In The Cell Type In Value Label The Value Represents & Click OK To Add Or Change Value Labels Click On The Ellipsis (…) Type In The Values The Variable Represents 2 4 Select Variable View Tab 5 1 Value Labels Dialog Box Pops Up 3

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S29 Entering Missing Values Select Variable View Tab 1 To Add Or Change Missing Values Click On The Ellipsis 2 Click On Required Radio Button, Enter The Missing Value & Click OK 3

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S30 Copy & Paste A Variable Place Pointer In Variable Header Cell & Right Click 1 Click On Copy 2 Place Pointer On Empty Variable Header Cell & Right Click 3 Click On Paste 4 In Data View

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S31 Copy & Paste A Variable In Variable View Place Pointer In Variable Cell & Right Click 1 Click On Copy 2 Place Pointer On Empty Variable Cell & Right Click 3 Click On Insert Variable 4 NOTE: Unlike Data View, In Variable View, DATA Values Themselves Are NOT Copied

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S32 Data Entry Setup Variables Information Dialog Box Variables Created Using Insert Variable Button To See Variables Information Dialog Box Click Variables Button Select Variable View Tab (See Previous Slides) To Set Variable Parameters

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S33 Entering Data Click “File”, “New” To Create A New, Empty Data Page Type Data Into Cells & Use The ‘Enter’ Key A Variable With A Default Name Is Automatically Created

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S34 Modifying A Variable Change Variable Name, Type, Width, Etc. As Required And Save The File 2 Select Variable View Tab Or In Data View Double Click In Any Variable Cell Header 1

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S35 Inserting A Variable Variable is Inserted Click On EDIT (Menu Drops Down) Click On INSERT VARIABLE Button Double Click In Empty Header Cell & (Goes To Variable View). Then Enter Variable Information Or Click On INSERT VARIABLE Or

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S36 Create A Practice Data Set

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S37 Save The Practice Data File If File Has NOT Been Saved Click “Save” File Button. Use “Save As” To Create Other File Versions If File Has NOT Been Saved Click “Save” File Button. Use “Save As” To Create Other File Versions 1 Type A Filename In This Box 3 Use This Drop Down List To Save The File As Other File Types (E.G., Export To Excel) 4 Click The Save Button 5 Use Browser To Select A Location To Save The File 2

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S38 Selecting Variables To Save Perform A “Save” Or “Save As” File Action. 1 Type A Filename & Click “Variables” 3 (Un)check Variables To Save 4 Select A Location To Save The File 2 Click “Continue”, Then “Save” In The Save Data Dialog 5

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S39 Moving A Variable 1.In Either Data Or Variable View—Single-Click To Select The Variable To Move 2.Single-Click Again & Hold On The Variable —The Cursor Will Change Colour/Shape (A Small Gray Box On The Tail) 3.Continue Holding & Drag & Drop At The New Location Cursor Shape While Moving Line Turns Black To Indicate Insertion Point

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S40 Open Practice File Click Open File Button Click Open & Practice1.SAV Data Is Inserted Into Data Editor 3 Click File, Open File & Data 2 1 Or

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S41 SPSS Analysis Open Sample Data File Analysis 1 –Categorical Variables –Frequencies Analysis 2 –Continuous Variables –Descriptives –Correlations Analysis 3 –Graph Menu & Graph Categorical Variables –Scatter plot

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S42 SPSS Analysis 1. Frequencies Click Analyze Analyze Menu Drops Down 1 Cursor On Descriptive Statistics & Select & Click Frequencies 2 Frequencies Dialog Box Pops Up Highlight Variable(s) To Analyze Click Button (Inserts Variable(s) Into List) 4 3 Click OK 5

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S43 SPSS Analysis 2. Descriptives Click Analyze Analyze Menu Drops Down 1 Cursor On Descriptive Statistics & Select & Click Descriptives 2 Descriptives Dialog Box Pops Up Highlight Variable(s) To Analyze Click Button (Inserts Variable(s) Into List) 4 3 Click OK 6 Click & Select Options If Required 5

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S44 SPSS Analysis 3. Correlations Click Analyze Analyze Menu Drops Down 1 Cursor On Correlate & Select & Click Bivariate 2 Bivariate Correlations Dialog Box Pops Up Highlight Variable(s) To Analyze Click Button (Inserts Variable(s) Into List) 4 3 Click OK 6 Click & Select Options If Required 5

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S45 SPSS Analysis 4. Bar Graph Select Type & Click on Define Select Type & Click on Define 3 Define Simple Bar Dialog Box Pops Up Select Variables From List & Click on Button 4 Click OK Graphs Menu Drops Down Click Graphs & Legacy Dialogs 1 Cursor on Bar & Click 2 Bar Chart Dialog Box Pops Up 5

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S46 SPSS Analysis 5. Scatterplot Select Variables From List & Click On Buttons 4 Click OK 6 Select Titles & Options As Required 5 Click Graphs & Legacy Dialogs Cursor On Scatter & Click 2 Scatter/Dot Dialog Box Pops Up Define Scatter/Dot Dialog Box Pops Up Select Type & Click On Define Select Type & Click On Define 3 1 Graphs Menu Drops Down

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S47 SPSS Output Window Expanding Output Items Selecting Output Items –Shift Key Continuous Selection –CTRL Key Specific Selection Print Preview Save Output Open Output

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S48 Example Frequencies Analysis To Output Frequencies Tables Into Output Window

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S49 Expanding Output Sections Minus Sign Indicates No Hidden Items Plus Sign Indicates Hidden Items Double Click On Icon Or On Plus Sign To Expand Section Section Expanded To Show Item Item Icon Open: Icon Shows ‘Open Book’ Shows Output Item Icon Open: Icon Shows ‘Open Book’ Shows Output

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S50 Selecting Output Items Click on Heading Icon to Select All Items Within that Section Control-Click Selects Multiple Specific Items Items May Be Moved By ‘Dragging & Dropping’ Icons

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S51 Print Preview, Save & Open Output Print Preview Button Open File Button Filename & Save File Location Click Filename & Open Save As Dialog Box Pops Up Open File Dialog Box Pops Up Save File Button

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S52 SPSS Advanced Topics Syntax Editor Computing New Variables Subsetting Data Setting Options Editing Output Pasting Output to a Word Processor Advanced Graphics SPSS System File Commands Import/Export Data Production Facility Advanced Statistics Discussion –Crosstabs –ANOVA –Regression

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S53 Pasting Into The Syntax Editor Use Previous Procedure To Open Dialog Box for Desired Statistic (Example: Frequencies) 1 Click Paste Button to Paste Commands into Syntax Editor 3 Select Variables Into Analysis Pain 2

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S54 Run & Save SPSS Syntax (Code) In Syntax Editor Type SPSS Code Into Window or (Use Pasted Code) 1 Choose The Appropriate Run Method To Execute The Syntax 2 To Save The Code: Click the Save Button to Pop Up The Save As Window 3 Type in The Filename & Click Save

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S55 Change Syntax & Variables List Dialog Click Variables Button Variables Dialog Box Pops Up New Code May Be Typed Or Pasted Into Window & Click Paste Pastes Variables In Window 2 Select Variables 43 Right Click To Pop Up Menu To Cut, Copy, Delete, & Run Highlighted Code 1

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S56 Computing New Variables Click TRANSFORM & Highlight & Click COMPUTE COMPUTE VARIABLE Dialog Box Pops Up 1 Computed Variable Is Inserted Into Data Set Select & Double Click Variable(s) To Compute Type In New Variable Click To Add Label & Type Use Buttons To Fill In Expression & Add Functions 2 3 Click OK To Compute, Or PASTE To Paste To Syntax Window 5 4

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S57 Copy Data Properties Click Data & Highlight & Click COPY DATA PROPERTIES COPY DATA PROPERTIES VARIABLE Dialog Box Pops Up 1 Step 2 Dialog Box Pops Up Select Source Variable(s) Select Working Or External File Select Target Variables Then NEXT Select Properties To Copy & Then Click Finish Step 4 Dialog Box Pops Up

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S58 Running Compute Code From Syntax Click PASTE To Paste Code Into Syntax Window Highlight Syntax & Click RUN & SELECTION Code Is Pasted Into Syntax Window Computed Variable Is Inserted Into Data Set 2 1

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S59 Recoding Variables Click TRANSFORM & Highlight & Click RECODE RECODE Dialog Box Pops Up Click To Add Label & Type 1 Select SAME VARIABLE or DIFFERENT VARIABLE 2 Type in NEW Value Type in Value(s) 6 Select & Double Click Variable(s) to Recode 3 Type in New Variable & Label 4 OLD & NEW VALUES Dialog Box Pops Up Click OLD and NEW VALUES 5 7 Click Add 8 Click Continue & OK 9

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S60 Recoding By Syntax Execute Syntax From Run Window Or Button 3 Click On Paste To Paste Code Into Syntax Window 2 Use Previous Method For Recoding New Variable To Different Values 1 Hint: To Recall Your Recode Procedures, Consider Saving Syntax Files

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S61 Subsetting Data: Select If... Click DATA & Highlight & Click SELECT CASES Click ‘If Condition Is Satisfied’ Button & Click If... Highlight Variable & Click & Use Buttons To Add Expressions Click Continue SELECT CASES Dialog Box Pops Up SELECT CASES: IF Dialog Box Pops Up

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S62 Temporary Select If & Filtering To Temporarily Filter Cases Click Use Filter Variable Button to Filter Cases NOTE: P REVIOUS SELECT IF Step Creates a Filter Variable ‘Filter Activated’ Indicated By Diagonal Line Click All Cases Button to Shut Off Filter

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S63 Subsetting Data: Create Use Set... Click Utilities & Highlight & Click DEFINE SETS DEFINE VARIABLE SETS Box Pops Up 1 Type In New Set Name & Click ADD SET, Then CLOSE 3 Select Variables & Click To Include In New (Sub)set 2

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S64 Subsetting Data: Activate Use Set... USE SETS Dialog Box Pops Up Select Required Set & De-select Others 2 Variable Source Lists Include Only The Variables Selected In The Use Set(s). Easier To Select Variables & Enhances Performance From Utilities Menu Click USE SETS 1 New Use Set Shows Variables Listed In The Set 3

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S65 Setting SPSS Options OPTIONS Dialog Pops Up Click EDIT & OPTIONS Select Tab As Required For Specific Settings

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S66 Editing Text Output Text Editing Menu Double Click Text Area to Edit Text Commands Available From The Insert Menu

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S67 Editing Tables Output Commands For Editing Tables Styles & Layout Table Editing Menu Double Clicking In A Table To Edit Output. Also, Right Click On Table To Open Editing Window For Printing Control– Only Table Selected Prints Out 1 2

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S68 Advanced Graphics: Chart Editor Chart Editor Pops Up Double Click INSIDE A Graph Area To Open Chart Editor 1 Select Desired Properties Tabs To Configure Chart 3 Properties Dialog Box Pops Up Single Click Chart Object (e.g. Bar) Then Select PROPERTIES From The EDIT Menu 2

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S69 Advanced Graphics: Chart Editor Chart Editor Pops Up Select Graph & Double Click INSIDE A Graph Area To Open Chart Editor 1 Right Click In Graph Area & Select PROPERTIES 2 Select Desired Properties Tabs To Configure Chart 3 Properties Dialog Box Pops Up

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S70 Advanced Graphics: 3D Chart In Chart Editor Select DEPTH & ANGLE Tab Click 3-D Radio Button 3 2 Sliders Control Bar Depth & Angles 4 Click To Apply Desired Changes 5 Double Click Bar Area 1

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S71 SPSS File Commands: Add Cases ADD CASES DIALOGUES: READ FILE Pops Up. Select Cases From Open Data File Or Browse To External File To Select Cases To Add To The ACTIVE (Working) File Click DATA / MERGE FILE / ADD CASES 1 Select File To Be Merged & Click Continue 2 Select Other Variables Manually. Unpaired Variables Will Insert MISSING VALUES Matched Files Are Automatically Paired 3 Click OK &/Or Paste 4 5

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S72 SPSS File Commands: Add Variables Click DATA & MERGE FILES& ADD VARIABLES 1 ADD VARIABLES DIALOG: READ FILE Pops Up. Select Variables From Open Data File or Browse to External File To Select Variables TO Add To The ACTIVE (Working) File Select File To Be Merged & Click Continue 2 ADD VARIABLES: FROM Dialog Box Pops Up. Select Variables to Include Or To Exclude Select a Key Variable To Match Cases & Click OK or Paste 3 4

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S73 Importing Data Select File Type, Click On File So Name Appears In File Name Box & Click Open Click Open & Data

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S74 Exporting Data SAVE DATA AS Dialog Pops Up Select File Type & Type In Name & Click Save Click File & Save As

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S75 SPSS Production Job Utility The Production Job provides the ability to run the program in an automated fashion. The program runs unattended and terminates after executing the last command, so you can perform other tasks while it runs. Production mode is useful if you often run the same set of time- consuming analyses, such as weekly reports. Production Job uses command syntax files to tell the program what to do. A command syntax file is a simple text file containing command syntax. You can use any text editor to create the file. You can also generate command syntax by pasting dialog box selections into a syntax window or by editing the journal file. After you create syntax files and include them in a production job, you can view and edit them from the Production Job Window. Production Job Command Production Job Command 1 Production Job Screen Production Job Screen

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S76 Advanced Statistics 1: Crosstabs Select Variables for Row & Columns & Click OK For Bar Charts Settings Boxes CROSSTABS Dialog Box 3 Select ANALYZE & DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS & CROSSTABS 1

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S77 Advanced Statistics 2: ANOVA Select ANALYZE & COMPARE MEANS & ONE-WAY ANOVA 1 Select Dependent Variable & Factor & Click OK Settings Boxes ONE-WAY ANOVA Dialog Box 2

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S78 Advanced Statistics 1: Regression Select ANALYZE & REGRESSION & LINEAR 1 LINEAR REGRESSION Dialog Box Select Dependent Variable & Factor & Click OK Settings Boxes 2

Jan 2010IT Services—U of S79 For More Information The SPSS Application Contains an Extensive Help System Including Tutorials, Syntax Guide, Statistics Coach & Other Assistance Contact SPSS on the Internet at This Course Outline & SPSS Assistance Is Available From U of S Information Technology Services Help Desk At Arts 70, Phone For information on other workshops available, please see our web site at courses & click on the Statistical Software link