Introduction to Phylum Chordata Includes 3 subphylum: Urochordata, the tunicates Cephalochordata, the lancelets Vertebrata, the vertebrates

Phylum Chordata To be classified as a chordate, an animal must have 4 key characteristics: Dorsal, hollow nerve cord Develops from the ectoderm Notochord Long supporting rod Develops in the backbone in vertebrate chordates Pharyngeal pouches Slits develop into gills or pharynx Tail extends beyond the anus

Subphylum Urochordata These are invertebrates Do not have a backbone but have a notochord These include tunicates (sea squirts). Soft-bodied marine organisms Filter-feeders

Subphylum Cephalochordata These are invertebrates This subphylum includes the lancelets Live on sandy ocean bottom Filter-feeders Defined head region and a mouth Closed circulatory system; no true heart Fishlike motion

Subphylum Vertebrata Notochord is replaced with a backbone or vertebrae – bone or cartilage that surround and protect the nerve cord. Includes sharks, bony fishes, amphibians, birds, and mammals Stop for Animal Activity

Subphylum Vertebrata Notes How did you do?

Class Agnatha: Jawless Lack true jaws Snakelike bodies Skeleton of cartilage Smooth skin with scales Ectothermic and oviparous Includes Lampreys and Hagfish

Class Agnatha: Lamprey

Class Agnatha: Lamprey

Class Agnatha: Hagfish

Class Agnatha: Hagfish

Class Chondrichthyes: Cartilaginous Fishes Skeleton made of cartilage Hinged jaw, paired fins, toothlike scales cover body Ectothermic Some are oviparous, most are ovoviviparous Includes sharks, rays, and skates

Class Chondrichthyes: Sawfish

Class Chondrichthyes: Blue-spotted Ray

Class Chondrichthyes: Brown shark

Class Chondrichthyes: Whale shark

Class Osteichthyes: Bony Fishes Skeleton of bone Hinged jaws, paired fins Overlapping scales Air bladder Ectothermic Oviparous Including salmon, trout, perch, carp and eels

Class Osteichthyes: Hippo tang

Osteichthyes: Lungfish

Osteichthyes: Common Dolphifish

Osteichthyes: Yellow perch

Class Amphibia: Soft eggs Moist thin skin, No scales Four limbs If present, feet lack claws are often webbed Most undergo metamorphosis Most use gills, lungs and skin for respiration 3-chambered heart Oviparous: eggs most remain moist Ectothermic

Class Amphibia: Tadpole

Class Amphibia: Eastern Tiger salamander

Class Amphibia: Northern Cricket Frog

Class Amphibia: Green Climbing Toad

Class Reptilia: Amniotic egg Dry skin and a scale covered body Four limbs (except snakes) Live and reproduce on land Amniotic eggs (eggs that contain layers of specialized membranes) Lungs and a 3-chambered heart with a partially divided ventricle Ectothermic Most are oviparous but some are ovoviviparous (python snakes and garter snakes)

Class Reptilia: Black Mamba

Class Reptilia: Komodo Dragon

Class Reptilia: Albino Chinese Soft-shelled turtle

Class Reptilia: American Crocodile

Class Reptilia: American Alligator

Class Aves: Wings/Feathers Birds that have wings and feathers Feathers are essential for flight and insulation Forelimbs are modified into pair of wings Lightweight rigid skeleton Endothermic; rapid metabolism allows for flight Lungs associated with air sacs All oviparous 4-chambered heart needed for flight

Class Aves: Ostrich

Class Mammalia: Produce milk Placental development and mammary glands that produce milk Hair or fur Endothermic 4 chambered heart Most are viviparous

Class Mammalia: Platypus

Class Mammalia: Vampire bat

Class Mammalia: Sperm whale

Class Mammalia: White-tailed Deer (fawn)