Seminar on Scholarly Communication and the UC Community University of California Office of Systemwide Library Planning Fall 2003

UC Systemwide Library Planning Faculty Seminars Fall 2003 Crisis in Scholarly Communications: Journals Source: Bear Stearns European Equity Research report on Reed Elsevier. September 29, 2003

UC Systemwide Library Planning Faculty Seminars Fall 2003 Crisis in Scholarly Communications: Journals Source: Graphic accompanied Weiss, Rick. A Fight for Free Access To Medical Research: Online Plan Challenges Publishers' Dominance. Washington Post. Tuesday, August 5, 2003; Page A01

UC Systemwide Library Planning Faculty Seminars Fall 2003 Crisis in Scholarly Communications: Journals Source: Van Orsdel & Born, Library Journal, April 15, 2003

UC Systemwide Library Planning Faculty Seminars Fall 2003 Stress and Unsustainability: commercial publishers’ contributions PRICE per PAGEPRICE per CITATION FieldFor-profit non-profitFor-profit Non-profit Ecology$1.19 $0.19$0.73 $0.05 Economics$0.81 $0.16$2.33 $0.15 Atmos. Sci.$0.95 $0.15$0.88 $0.07 Mathematics$0.70 $0.27$1.32 $0.28 Neuroscience$0.89 $0.10$0.23 $0.04 Physics$0.63 $0.19$0.38 $0.05 Note: 66% of the STM journal market is occupied by commercial companies STM Journal Prices Commercial vs. Non-commercial Source: Carl T. Bergstrom and Ted C. Bergstrom. The economics of scholarly journal publishing. September 2002 at

UC Systemwide Library Planning Faculty Seminars Fall 2003 Crisis in Scholarly Communications: Reed Elsevier Case Study Elsevier journals cost vs. use at UC Source: UC Systemwide Library Planning, September 2003

UC Systemwide Library Planning Faculty Seminars Fall 2003 Crisis in Scholarly Communications: Reed Elsevier Case Study Elsevier average title price as percentage of industry-wide average title price* Agriculture1,428% Chemistry & Physics 194% Engineering 435% Mathematics, Botany, Geology, General Science 287% Medicine 209% Psychology 254% All subjects 642% Elsevier is the dominant commercial publisher of STM journals. It has 23% of the market share and over a $1 billion in annual revenues. The next player is the American Chemical Society with 8% market share and $360 million in annual revenues * For 2002; calculated within disciplines; overall average based on 2003 Bowker Annual table entitled "U.S. Periodicals: Average Prices and Price Indexes"; Elsevier averages from list prices.

UC Systemwide Library Planning Faculty Seminars Fall 2003 Crisis in Scholarly Communications: Monographs Source: Bear Stearns European Equity Research report on Reed Elsevier. September 29, 2003

UC Systemwide Library Planning Faculty Seminars Fall 2003 Crisis in Scholarly Communications: Monographs

UC Systemwide Library Planning Faculty Seminars Fall 2003 Crisis in Scholarly Communications: Societies Sample of Society Titles Now Published by Blackwell DisciplinesAvg. price increase N (titles) ‘03-’04 Humanities & Soc. Sci.15.7%30 STM All Source: UC Systemwide Library Planning, September 2003

UC Systemwide Library Planning Faculty Seminars Fall 2003 Crisis in Scholarly Communications: Society Case Study - AAAS’s Science

UC Systemwide Library Planning Faculty Seminars Fall 2003 Alternative Forms of Scholarly Communication 1. Personal and Departmental web pages

UC Systemwide Library Planning Faculty Seminars Fall 2003 Alternative Forms of Scholarly Communication 2. Discipline based repositories (e.g. arXiv - a Physics/Comp.Sci./Math working paper repository)

UC Systemwide Library Planning Faculty Seminars Fall 2003 Alternative Forms of Scholarly Communication 3. Institutional repositories UC’s eScholarship Repository (as at October 2003) # of departments, ORU’s, MRU’s participating: 119 # of papers deposited to date: 2291 # of papers downloaded last week: 8139 # of downloads since 04/02 launch: 230,000 % of downloads from outside UC: 97 # of countries from which people link: 76 # of sites that link to the repository: 1608

UC Systemwide Library Planning Faculty Seminars Fall 2003 Alternative Forms of Scholarly Communication 4. Competitively priced journals Machine Learning Journal Publisher: Kluwer Price: $1050/year Number of defecting editorial board members in 2001: 40 Journal of Machine Learning Research Est. 2001, with help from SPARC Publisher: MIT Press Price: $195/year One of 16 alternative journals supported in part by SPARC – “ motivated by service to the research community rather than by profit.” Source: SPARC web site and Ted Bergstrom’s Journal Pricing Page

UC Systemwide Library Planning Faculty Seminars Fall 2003 Alternative Forms and Economic Sustainability

UC Systemwide Library Planning Faculty Seminars Fall 2003 Alternative Forms of Scholarly Communication 4. Open-access journals ~100 journals author publication charges institutional memberships can replace author charges author publication charges 11 UC faculty on editorial board 16 UC faculty represented in opening issues 551 journals listed 19 journals added this month funded by the Open Society Institute – Budapest & SPARC

UC Systemwide Library Planning Faculty Seminars Fall 2003 Potential for UC faculty action As authors Retain some rights in your publications Place articles with high-quality alternatives to high-cost publications As editors, reviewers, and authors: Favor reasonably priced journals As editors Consider moving journals from publishers with unreasonable pricing practices As library users Support and encourage the library’s aggressive negotiating stance with uncompetitively priced publishers even where that stance potentially results in title cuts

UC Systemwide Library Planning Faculty Seminars Fall 2003 Potential for UC faculty action As participants in faculty promotions and rewards processes Implement promotion criteria that emphasize quality without discouraging publication in fairly priced and open-access publications As society members Encourage societies’ adoption or maintenance of reasonable pricing mechanism Encourage societies to lead in the search for sustainable publishing models

UC Systemwide Library Planning Faculty Seminars Fall 2003 Potential for collective institutional action at UC Leverage existing agencies able to support new modes of scholarly publishing (e.g. the Press, the libraries’ eScholarship program), supplementing them where appropriate Take a lead in national bodies such as AAU in identifying & mobilizing effective coordinated national actions

UC Systemwide Library Planning Faculty Seminars Fall 2003 UC Scholarly Communication Faculty Seminars END