Can we control The Baltic Sea? The Baltic Master Project

BSR A population of over 80 million people living in the catchment area, affecting an all ready stressed sea...

Bosporen 5500 tankers/ år Suezkanalen 2800 tankers/ år Gibraltar sund 5000 tankers/ år Finska viken 6300 tankers/ år Bottniska viken 3000 tankers/ år Norska kusten 200 tankers/ år Skagerrak 7500 tankers/ år = Motorvägar till havs Tankfartygens rutter & motorvägar till havs Medelhavet: 700 miljoner ton / år Östersjön: 160 miljoner ton / år Engelska kanalen 567 miljoner ton / år

A considerable part of the transports pass the coast of Trelleborgs

Prognosis (11/2004 and 5/2005 indicates that the amount of oil transported year 2010 would be as much as 200 million tons. This would mean over tankers of ~ tdw every year in loaded condition in the Gulf of Finland Total Helsinki Sköldvik Kotka Hamina Vistino Bay Vysotsk Primorsk St Petersburg Batareynaja Ust-Luga Lomonosov Aseri Kunda Vene-Balti Miiduranna Tallinn Oil transportation in the Gulf of Finland in and estimated development by 2010 Year Million tons Prognosis 2005 Sillamäe Primorsk 2nd others

What is in the future? The oil transports during year 2000 was ca 50 million tones. Prognoses shows this amount will be 4 times higher, ca. 200 million tones, at year The capacity of the vessels is also increasing during the same period. We can aspect oil tankers carrying up to tones.

Local and Regional Responsibility National Responsibility Crossborder Interregional Cooperation Baltic Sea Cooperation European Union International Cooperation Baltic Master An overall perspective!

Baltic Master Objectives and Goals To develop transports and communications within a framework of maritime safety, giving attention to the diversity of activities in the Baltic Sea. To develop transports and communications within a framework of maritime safety, giving attention to the diversity of activities in the Baltic Sea. To increase preparedness for preventing and managing a catastrophe, through integrating local and regional coastal zones in the planning and implementation process. To increase preparedness for preventing and managing a catastrophe, through integrating local and regional coastal zones in the planning and implementation process.

Partners och economic frame work Project coordination – Region Blekinge Project coordination – Region Blekinge 41 partners from 7 countries 41 partners from 7 countries - local and regional authorities - national administrations - maritime universities and naval academies - international/European organisations Total budget: 3.6 million Euros Total budget: 3.6 million Euros Project period: 2.5 years – 1/ – 31/ Project period: 2.5 years – 1/ – 31/

Organisation Steering Group Political committee Project secretariat with Lead Partner - Region Blekinge WP 1 WP 2 WP 3 WP4 Region Skåne Bornholm MIG Pomeranian Region MIBTrelleborg Region Blekinge Region Skåne

Project structure WP 2 Safe Transportations Transportations at Sea PSSA Maritime Traffic Maritime TrafficMonitoring WP 3 Sustainable Spatial and Regional Dev. Marine area spatial planning Territorial impact analysis Windparks WP 4 Communication CommunicationandDissemination Strategies Politicalarenas Capacitybuilding WP 1 Preparedness and Division and Division of Responsibility Problems and grey areas Matrix of responsibility Regionalpreparedness Joint Action Plan for the BSR

Integrated coastal zone management and marine area spatial planning – Case study - Trelleborg

Case study - Trelleborg An sustainable, integrated, holistic and interactive approach with a time dimension An sustainable, integrated, holistic and interactive approach with a time dimension An early local example in the Baltic Sea An early local example in the Baltic Sea Working under the principle that every geographical area have a slight unique composition of interacting paramenters, and thus demand special solutions Working under the principle that every geographical area have a slight unique composition of interacting paramenters, and thus demand special solutions New types og conflicts and problems often demands new types of solutions New types og conflicts and problems often demands new types of solutions Accepts the idéa that innovative solutions must have forerunners Accepts the idéa that innovative solutions must have forerunners Local examples can set the agenda for higher levels of government Local examples can set the agenda for higher levels of government Trelleborg Case study as a model to other local communities in the BSR Trelleborg Case study as a model to other local communities in the BSR Emphasise that the coastal zone should be regarded as an integrated system with multiple-use resources Emphasise that the coastal zone should be regarded as an integrated system with multiple-use resources

Coastal Environment Physical Env. Geomorphology Current Climate Hydrology Geochemistry Biological Env. Biological Production Site of reproduction Living Resources Biodiversity Human Activities Shipping Port development Fishing Aquaculture Oil and gas explor. Wind power Tourism Recreation Land filling, dredging Cables Urban development Waste disposal Protection/ Conservation Research Monitoring

Inter-related ecosystems of catchment areas, rivers, watershed, estuaries & coastal seas hence, what we do in the hinterlands influence the situation in the Coastal zone and in the open sea.

Coastal zone Sensitive shoresMarine ecology Bioconservation Natura 2000 bird sites Natura 2000 habitats Highways at sea Shipping harbours RailwayHighways Fishing areas Fishing harbours Wind power Turism Cultural sites Rural sector Erosion och coastal streams Recreation

no restrictions belongs to everyone a great buffert vast space ‘OPEN SEA’

Many claim the open sea and coastal area…

Is there room for everyone?

What if free access was given?

Principles of ICZM Vulnerable coastal areas all over the world experience population growth, expansion of industry and tourism, and extensive exploitation of marine resources. Also, the risk of natural hazards increases due to the global climate change. As a result, conflicts of interest occur more frequently and the sustainable use of natural and environmental resources is threatened. Vulnerable coastal areas all over the world experience population growth, expansion of industry and tourism, and extensive exploitation of marine resources. Also, the risk of natural hazards increases due to the global climate change. As a result, conflicts of interest occur more frequently and the sustainable use of natural and environmental resources is threatened. To help resolve these conflicts ICZM has developed; which is a continuous process with the general aim of implementing sustainable development in coastal zones and maintaining their diversity. It implements decisions on the mix of uses that best serves the needs of society now and in the future. ICZM is advantageous both environmentally: reducing or avoiding irreversible environmental damage, and economically: financial benefits in the longer term. To help resolve these conflicts ICZM has developed; which is a continuous process with the general aim of implementing sustainable development in coastal zones and maintaining their diversity. It implements decisions on the mix of uses that best serves the needs of society now and in the future. ICZM is advantageous both environmentally: reducing or avoiding irreversible environmental damage, and economically: financial benefits in the longer term.

Many acronyms and definitions ICAM: Integrated Coastal and marine Areas Management. The term is used by UNEP and the management strategies defined by UNEP as part of ICAM, is one of the many manifestations of ICZM. ICAM: Integrated Coastal and marine Areas Management. The term is used by UNEP and the management strategies defined by UNEP as part of ICAM, is one of the many manifestations of ICZM. CZM - Coastal Zone Management (US Coastal Zone Management Act in 1972) CZM - Coastal Zone Management (US Coastal Zone Management Act in 1972) ICOM - Integrated Coastal and ocean Management (a standard work from 1998) ICOM - Integrated Coastal and ocean Management (a standard work from 1998) ICM - Integrated Coastal Management (NOAA) ICM - Integrated Coastal Management (NOAA) ITCZM - Integrated Tropical Coastal Zone Management (a Thay initiative) ITCZM - Integrated Tropical Coastal Zone Management (a Thay initiative) MASP - Marine Area Spatial Planning MASP - Marine Area Spatial Planning SUCOZOMA - Sustainable Coastal Zone Management (Swedish scientific program) SUCOZOMA - Sustainable Coastal Zone Management (Swedish scientific program)

Integrated Coastal Zone Management, ICZM A continuous process of administration the general aim of which is to put into practice sustainable development and conservation in coastal zones and to maintain their biodiversity. To this end, ICZM seeks, through more efficient management, to establish and maintain the best use and sustainable levels of development and activity (use) in the coastal zone, and, over time, to improve the physical status of the coastal environment in accordance with certain commonly held and agreed norms. (European Commission) KOM (2000) 547

Overarching goal of ICZM To achieve sustainable development of coastal zone and marine areas, taking into account: To achieve sustainable development of coastal zone and marine areas, taking into account: - Environmental integrity - Economic efficiency - Social equity

Integrated Coastal Zone Management The concept contain two central words: Coastal Zone Coastal Zone Integrated Integrated

Integration Intergovernmental integration: local-, regional- and national government levels. This is also called "vertical integration". The objective is to harmonize policy development by different levels and the final implementation by the local governments. Intergovernmental integration: local-, regional- and national government levels. This is also called "vertical integration". The objective is to harmonize policy development by different levels and the final implementation by the local governments. Intersectoral integration: e.g., cooperation between the Ministry of Environment, the Ministry of spatial planning and the Ministry of Tourism. This is also called "horizontal integration". Intersectoral integration: e.g., cooperation between the Ministry of Environment, the Ministry of spatial planning and the Ministry of Tourism. This is also called "horizontal integration". A specific type is called integration in space, as the land and sea side of the coastal zone are traditionally governed by different sectors (e.g. tourism vs. fishery), but activities at either side influences the other. A specific type is called integration in space, as the land and sea side of the coastal zone are traditionally governed by different sectors (e.g. tourism vs. fishery), but activities at either side influences the other.

Integration Integration of governmental and non-governmental organizations: local government, local nature organizations and small industries. A democratic dimension. Integration of governmental and non-governmental organizations: local government, local nature organizations and small industries. A democratic dimension. Integration of science and management: social-, nature- and engineering sciences have the task to inform coastal and ocean managers. Lack of communication is common. Integration of science and management: social-, nature- and engineering sciences have the task to inform coastal and ocean managers. Lack of communication is common. International integration: Normaly problem areas are cut in two by international borders. The effects of use of natural resources don’t care of man-made boundaries, therefore international co-ordination is a prerequisite. Although, the problem might be regional, the national governments often have to play leading roles. International integration: Normaly problem areas are cut in two by international borders. The effects of use of natural resources don’t care of man-made boundaries, therefore international co-ordination is a prerequisite. Although, the problem might be regional, the national governments often have to play leading roles.

Vision 1. Minimize the risks of negative environmental impact from transports linked to shipping. 2. Identify conflicts between different spheres of interests in the coastal zone and territorial waters. 3. Give proposals on solutions of the conflicts and problems that arise in the municipality.

Objectives 1. Elaborate and develop alternative solutions for conflicts and problems linked to coastal activities. 2. Present these alternatives in a priority list for the municipality to realise, where different alternatives has been weighed against each other on the basis of cost's - and consequence analyses. 3. Develop environmental protections' - and maritime safety strategies as a part of WP 3.

Activities 1. Description of the present state (Milestone 1-3) 2. Problem inventory and analyses ( Milestone 3-4) 3. Development of innovative solutions and alternatives to conflicts and problems (Milestone 4-5)

Phase 1 – Description of the present state The aim of the first segment is to incorporate the coastal zone and the territorial waters into the planning overview of the Trelleborg municipality. A mapping of the coastal and marine areas focusing on the physical environment, ecology, socioeconomic base, potential and usage, to build a knowledge base is the first step.

Phase 2 – Problem inventory and analyses The second phase builds on the description of the present state in order to define conflicts and problems in connection to the use of coastal zones and marine areas. The analyses will also include cost calculations and prognoses of the consequences of environmental catastrophes (as such connected to oil accidents) for the local community.

Phase 3 - Development of innovative solutions and alternatives to conflicts and problems The final phase focuses on solutions. How can Trelleborg municipality, as a model for other municipalities in the Baltic Sea, solve the problems that arise as a result of increased use of the coastal zone and the marine areas? Concrete strategies for environmental protections and maritime safety are presented along with proposals on investments in the municipality that contributes to increasing security and to counteract environmental degeneration. Also, methods for improved municipal physical planning and international collaboration, in accordance with the objectives for WP 3, is presented for Trelleborg.

Working process Trelleborgs municipality engage personell within the involved departments and carry out additional inventories and analyses with the aid of external expertice. To secure the quality level, ten national experts in a referent group evaluate the case study during the progress. Also a working group establishes compricing partners within Baltic Master partnership, and other interested actors in the geographical vicinity of Trelleborg are also envolved. The case study developes continuously in cooperation with partners from WP 3 and fasciliate a platform for realizing the overarching objectives for the project.

Metodology/ working process Trelleborg municipality NATURE DEVELOPM ENT FISHING COMMUNI CATIONS TOURISM

Metodology/ working process Geographical mapping NATURE DEVELOPM ENT FISHING COMMUNI CATIONS TOURISM

Metodology/ working process Geographical mapping NATURE DEVELOPM ENT FISHING COMMUNI CATIONS TOURISM O v e r l a p p i n g O v e r l a p p i n g Areas of conflict Areas of synergy

Metodologi/ arbetsprocess Geographical mapping NATURE DEVELOPM ENT FISHING COMMUNI CATIONS TOURISM O v e r l a p p i n g O v e r l a p p i n g Areas of conflict Areas of synergy External threaths

Metodology/ working process Geographical mapping NATURE DEVELOPM ENT FISHING COMMUNI CATIONS TOURISM O v e r l a p p i n g O v e r l a p p i n g Areas of conflict Areas of synergy External threaths

Working process The process from Steps 1-3 will be repeated with different time-perspectives. short term perspective reaching years long term perspective reaching years New map-levels lifting the possible developments, visions and trends for the future will be produced. External threats and factors such as f. ex. increase in sea-borne traffic and oil/chemical transportations, climate change, further exploitation and use of coastal and marine areas and resources will be assessed.

Selected GIS-information INFRASTRUCTURE (TRANSPORTS) Dangerous goods Communications Routes Routes of national interest Traffic separation of national interest HELCOM-routes INFRASTRUCTURE (TECHNICAL) Telecommunication Wind power stations Kriegers Flak Cables Submarine cables Power lines Potable water treatment plants Waste water treatment plants Emergency drains Wells (SGU) Storm water Waste water On-site sanitation Municpal water FISHING Areas of national interest for commercial fishing Commercial fishing Areas restricted for fishing WATER Water protection areas Catchment areas Territorial border Exclusive economic zone CULTURE Cultural heritage Areas of National interest for cultural environment ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT Oil discharges Landfills Landfills to be used for oil discharges Areas for sea weeding Shore erosion Contaminated land Dredged areas Accidents NATURE Common eelgrass Shore type Shore protection Shore topografy Nature reserve areas Areas of national interests for nature conservation Areas of national interest for the costal zone Wave exposure TOURISM/ RECREATION/ LEISURE Recreational and sport fishing Recreation/tourism Area for water scooter SETTLEMENTS Property lines Planned LAND Shallow soil cover Soil infiltration Soil cover Classification of farm land Elevation SEA Depth Navigation Sea bed Restricted areas

The defined geographical areas for further analyses will be looked at separately. The defined geographical areas for further analyses will be looked at separately. All factors are analysed from the perspective of probability, risk, consequence and value. All factors are analysed from the perspective of probability, risk, consequence and value. In order to reach an understanding of the most important problems and threats for the municipality, these will be judged and nominated. Each problem or threat will be placed in 4 matrices. In order to reach an understanding of the most important problems and threats for the municipality, these will be judged and nominated. Each problem or threat will be placed in 4 matrices.

Matrix no. 1 covers Biological diversity Matrix no. 1 covers Biological diversity Matrix no. 2 covers Recreation and Tourism Matrix no. 2 covers Recreation and Tourism Matrix no. 3 covers Natural resources and User values Matrix no. 3 covers Natural resources and User values Matrix no. 4 covers Geographical dimensions and the time for Restoration Matrix no. 4 covers Geographical dimensions and the time for Restoration

When the points for each threat are added it will result in an objective assessment of which threats are the most important for the local authority to prioritise. When the points for each threat are added it will result in an objective assessment of which threats are the most important for the local authority to prioritise. The picture may differ depending on the different time-perspectives. The picture may differ depending on the different time-perspectives. This will generate decision-support analyses from which the decision-makers can form opinions, discussions and later decisions on which threats and problems to address as well as how and when to act. This will generate decision-support analyses from which the decision-makers can form opinions, discussions and later decisions on which threats and problems to address as well as how and when to act.

The final step entails the development of solutions for problems and threats facing the community. The final step entails the development of solutions for problems and threats facing the community. The actions will be evaluated taking into account effectiveness and priority. The actions will be evaluated taking into account effectiveness and priority.

What is next? Laserbathymetri at sea and on shore Laserbathymetri at sea and on shore Interpretation of airphotos for marinebiological values Interpretation of airphotos for marinebiological values Develop the three fishing harbours within a sustainable metodology Develop the three fishing harbours within a sustainable metodology Evaluation of treatment of excessive algae as biogas component Evaluation of treatment of excessive algae as biogas component Simulations of sea level rise Simulations of sea level rise Risk assesment studies of chemical accident from shipping Risk assesment studies of chemical accident from shipping Geographical analyses of the coastal zone and territorial waters Geographical analyses of the coastal zone and territorial waters Development of more GIS- information Development of more GIS- information Cooperate with national governmental institutions Cooperate with national governmental institutions Analyse sediment for ecotoxins Analyse sediment for ecotoxins Costs evaluations of floodings Costs evaluations of floodings Interpret old seismic marinegeological surveys Interpret old seismic marinegeological surveys Evaluate airquality studies from the harbour Evaluate airquality studies from the harbour Analyse geographical catch data for fishery Analyse geographical catch data for fishery Analyse potential for coastal turism sites Analyse potential for coastal turism sites

Thank you for listening! Mattias Müller & Ida Löndahl, Trelleborg Municipality Thank you for listening. Mattias Müller Environmental department Trelleborgs municipality Project leader - Case study Trelleborg The Baltic Master Project Project part-financed by the European Union (European Regional Development Fund) within the BSR INTERREG III B programme