Review: AP World History Exam 1750-1914 Section

Periodization Revolutions Industrialization Imperialism Enlightenment and Scientific Revolution Industrialization Imperialism Continuities and Breaks Need for raw materials (exploitations) Coerced labor Europe Dominating

Changes is Global Commerce, Communication and Technology PPMMMR Charts Small local industries destroyed by imported manufactured goods (ex. India) China and Japan forced open to trade Truly global trade, world linked but dependent Spreads from West to non-west (some specialization that will lead to industrialization like in Canada, Uruguay, South Africa) (profit returns to industrial nations)

Commonalities Industrialization begins with textiles Need for Steam and Iron Railroads and Canals needed (specifically the Suez Canal)

Slave Trade Atlantic Slave trade ends Denmark 1792 US 1807 (continue shipping but not to US) Britain 1808 Brazil 1830 (smuggles until 1850)

Demographic Changes Demographic Transition: Shifting patterns Mortality rate falls faster than birth rate so there is a population increase Demographic stability is achieved when birth rate also slows Voluntary birth control No major outbreaks of disease By 1900 75% of population live in cities Agricultural Revolution: New crops like peanuts (China and Africa) increase population Cash crops cause famine

Social and Gender Structure Urbanization Commercial Developments: Monopoly, Cartel, and Trust Abolition: women and free blacks are the force behind abolition. Reasons for ending slavery were humanitarian and economic. William Wilberforce, Frederick Douglass Brazil liberals want to end slavery on Enlightened ideals. Slavery ends for economic and democratic reasons. Caribbean Islands have small slave population, so its ending is not violent socially

Political Revolutions and Independence Movements American Revolution Causes: beneficial neglect….. Documents: Articles of Confederation…. Effects: representative democracy……. French Causes: social inequality…. Documents: Declaration of Rights of Man…. Effects: Napoleon…..

Haiti: Latin America Causes: homeland rule….. Documents: Enlightened writers Results: successful slave revolt Latin America Causes: Mercantilism….. Documents: Results: few….

Things to think about Phases of Revolution Leaders Outside forces Long-term effects Who benefits Popular Sovereignty

Nationalism and Nation-States Rise of Nationalism Napoleon Congress of Vienna Greece Germany Italy

Limitations Women Slaves Indigenous populations Racism Imperialism

Rise of the West Economic (industrialization, Mercantilism, Capitalism) Political (democracy) Social (growing middle class, mobility, westernization) Expansion; imperialism and colonialism Cultural and Artistic (Impressionism)

Monet: Impressionism

Reaction to the West Russia (reform: Westernizes) India (resist: Mugal to Sepoy) Ottoman (reform: Young Turks) China (resist: Taiping and Boxer) Japan (reform: Meiji Restoration) Imperialism causes Nationalism in subservient countries

Diverse Interpretations Modernization is positive, it’s better for everyone so don’t resist. Accept science, accept enlightenment, accept industrialization, a free market. (Western Theory). Slave Emancipation Reasons: Fear Factor, Humanitarian Factor and Economic Factor. Women: should they have more rights because of their role in revolutions? Roles more defined. Settler colony more equality

Major Comparisons and Snapshots Compare Industrial Revolution in Western Europe and Japan Comparative Revolutions Reaction to foreign domination in Ottoman, China, India and Japan Colonialism vs Neo-colonialism