American Foreign Policy Instruments, Actors, and Policymakers

March 4, 2014 Objectives: Students will be able to define foreign policy and give examples. Question: what is the difference between domestic and foreign policy? Agenda: Notes/Worksheet on Foreign Policy

Examples of Domestic Policy Issues List the 5 you think are most important Federal Budget Constitutional Rights Crime and Drugs The Economy Education Health Care Immigration Poverty Minorities

Foreign Policy Definitions Public policy: a choice that the government makes in response to a political issue. (terrorism) National interest: What is of benefit to the nation as a whole. (Dept. of Homeland Sec) Foreign policy: policy that involves government choices about the rest of the world. (We do not negotiate with terrorists) Superpower: a nation with nuclear weapons and able to project force anywhere on the globe. (US, Russia) Globalization: interdependence country-country

Examples of Foreign Policy Defense Democracy and Human Rights Foreign Aid The Global Environment International Trade Weapons Proliferation Activities in Regions of the World

March 5, 2014 Objectives: Students will be able to explain the purpose of the World Bank, IMF, and WTO. Question: What is one of the goals of Foreign Policy? Agenda: Notes/Worksheet

Goals of Foreign Policy National Security World Peace Self- government (democracy) Free and Open Trade Concern for Humanity

I. Goal: National Security To remain free and independent To be secure from unwanted foreign influence Includes the use of ambassadors and treaties Military CIA Central Intelligence Agency FBI Federal Bureau of Investigations

II Goal: World Peace Promote peace and prevent conflicts Cooperation with governments of foreign nations Help save lives, money, and resources in foreign nations Give aid to foreign nations

III Goal: Self Government /Democracy Encourage the growth of democracy in other nations and regions Fair elections, choices, individual freedoms

IV. Goal: Free Trade Trade arrangements where tariffs or other barriers to the free flow of goods and services are eliminated. The basic argument for free trade is based on the idea that each region should concentrate on what it can produce most cheaply and efficiently and should exchange its products for those it is less able to produce economically.

Questions-write a 2-3 sentence response for each To what extent should American foreign policy consider the national interest? To what extent should the US utilize military force to protect its economic interests? Does the US’s status as superpower allow us a greater latitude with regard to the use of military force?

Instruments of Foreign Policy Military Economic Diplomatic

Military Instruments The United States has been involved in only a few full-scale wars. -Non Traditional-Terrorism (Stryker Brigade) Traditional v. Non-traditional war??? In recent years: Iraq, Afghanistan, Somalia, etc. D.o.D., State Dept.

Economic Instruments Trade regulations, tariff policies, monetary policies-more effective than those of war. Trade Embargo with Cuba? WHY? Oil is powerful, important as the control of guns. Top 5 countries Canada Mexico Nigeria Saudi Arabia Venezuela

Diplomatic Instruments Diplomacy=communicate and carry on relationships with each other. The US State Department is primarily responsible for executing the country’s diplomatic agenda. Sec of State? World coalitions v. With us or against us

Multinational Corporations (MNC’s) Account for more than one-tenth of the world economy. Wal-Mart, Google (China), Coca-Cola Sometimes are wealthier and more powerful than the governments under which they operate. They often work to shape government policy on taxes, tariffs, and business regulations.

Finally…Individuals Individuals can be international actors. Tourists can greatly impact a nation’s economy. Students going to and from other nations can be carriers of ideas and ideologies. Immigrants and refugees can place new demands on public services.

Final 3 What is Foreign Policy? Give an example of Military Foreign Policy

Policymakers The President is the main force behind international policy. He negotiates treaties (chief diplomat). He deploys troops (commander-in-chief) He appoints diplomats and heads of executive departments (with Senate consent)

The Diplomats The State Department is the foreign policy arm of the US Government. The Secretary of State has traditionally been the chief adviser to the President on foreign policy matters.

The National Security Establishment Department of Defense is a key foreign policy actor. Secretary of Defense is the key adviser on military policy. Robert Gates The defense budget is larger than the entire budget of most nations. $534 billion-(total is $3 trillion) The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) was created after WWII to coordinate intelligence and information gathering activities abroad.-Truman, 1947

Congress Congress has sole authority to declare war, raise and organize the armed forces, and “power of the purse.” Last declaration of war? Dec. 8, 1941 How many declarations in our history? Ultimately, it’s Congress that writes the checks.

So…What does the US do? Lead the World to Democracy Protect US Global Interests Build a More Cooperative World Protect the US Homeland