Arab-Israeli Conflict

I. Palestine & Israel Jewish view: claim to land 3,000 yrs. Ago Jewish view: claim to land 3,000 yrs. Ago Famine led to Diaspora Famine led to Diaspora Zionist Movement: an international political movement that supported a homeland for the Jewish people (late 19 th cent.) Zionist Movement: an international political movement that supported a homeland for the Jewish people (late 19 th cent.) Palestine became a British mandate following WWI. Palestine became a British mandate following WWI. 1922: Balfour Declaration 1922: Balfour Declaration

Arabs rioted as Jews immigrated Arabs rioted as Jews immigrated 1939: Brit. shut off Jewish immigration (WWII) 1939: Brit. shut off Jewish immigration (WWII) Palestinian Jews turned to terrorism Palestinian Jews turned to terrorism 1946: Israel was a war zone 1946: Israel was a war zone 1947: Brit. backed out of governance of Israel 1947: Brit. backed out of governance of Israel UN took over – formed partition betw. Jews & Arabs – Truman endorsed UN took over – formed partition betw. Jews & Arabs – Truman endorsed

1948: 1948: Israel officially became a country Israel officially became a country Arabs launched an attack on Israel Arabs launched an attack on Israel Israel fought off invasion (U.S.) Israel fought off invasion (U.S.) Other wars: 1956, 1967, & 1973 Other wars: 1956, 1967, & 1973 Israel won each war Israel won each war

Gaza Strip, West Bank, & Golan Heights: Gaza Strip, West Bank, & Golan Heights: Intended as living space for Palestinians Intended as living space for Palestinians Occupied by Israel Occupied by Israel

1967 (the Six Day War)-Israel defeated Egypt, Syria, Jordan, & Iraq 1967 (the Six Day War)-Israel defeated Egypt, Syria, Jordan, & Iraq Reclaimed the West Bank, Gaza Strip, and the Sinai Peninsula Reclaimed the West Bank, Gaza Strip, and the Sinai Peninsula Sinai Peninsula was returned to Egypt 1982 Sinai Peninsula was returned to Egypt 1982

-1964: Palestinian Liberation Organization(PLO) --Yasir Arafat (leader) --Fatah Party (1958) *Goal of PLO & Fatah: complete liberation of Palestine, and eradication of Zionist economic, political, military and cultural existence Seen as terrorists Seen as terrorists

1993: Israel & PLO signed a Declaration of Principles (Oslo Accords): 1993: Israel & PLO signed a Declaration of Principles (Oslo Accords): First time Palestinians recognized Israel’s right to exist First time Palestinians recognized Israel’s right to exist Provided for Palestinian self-govt. in two places (Gaza & parts of West Bank) Provided for Palestinian self-govt. in two places (Gaza & parts of West Bank) Activists from both sides criticized this accord Activists from both sides criticized this accord

1994: Violence broke out 1994: Violence broke out An Israeli killed 29 Muslims in West Bank An Israeli killed 29 Muslims in West Bank Palestinians responded with suicide bombings Palestinians responded with suicide bombings Hamas: an Islamist group said war until an independent Palestine was created Hamas: an Islamist group said war until an independent Palestine was created

2000: an intifada (uprising) began by Palestinians 2000: an intifada (uprising) began by Palestinians followed Camp David Summit (failed after 9 days) followed Camp David Summit (failed after 9 days) The Arab leader who would surrender Jerusalem is not born yet. (Arafat) The Arab leader who would surrender Jerusalem is not born yet. (Arafat)

2001: Ariel Sharon (Israeli PM)– accused Arafat of terrorism 2001: Ariel Sharon (Israeli PM)– accused Arafat of terrorism Jan. 2006: incapacitated Jan. 2006: incapacitated Benjamin Netanyahu (PM of Israel) Benjamin Netanyahu (PM of Israel) 2004: Yasir Arafat died 2004: Yasir Arafat died Mamoud Abbas—current PLO leader Mamoud Abbas—current PLO leader Denounced violence Denounced violence

2004: Israel began building a concrete barrier around Jerusalem (protection against Palestinian suicide bombers) 2004: Israel began building a concrete barrier around Jerusalem (protection against Palestinian suicide bombers)

2006: Hamas won Palestinian election 2006: Hamas won Palestinian election Beat the Fatah Party Beat the Fatah Party Hamas: Islamist party Hamas: Islamist party Does not recognize Does not recognizeIsrael

Israeli & Palestinian leaders called for a return to the “road map,” a US sponsored peace plan to create a Palestinian state. Israeli & Palestinian leaders called for a return to the “road map,” a US sponsored peace plan to create a Palestinian state.