ABO Blood Types & Transfusions. Who can donate blood?

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Presentation transcript:

ABO Blood Types & Transfusions

Who can donate blood?

Who can donate blood? (don’t write) ► Anyone over age 17 ► Weigh at least 110 lbs ► Healthy

Who can’t donate blood?

Can’t give blood ► If you’ve used IV drugs (heroin) ► Hemophiliacs ► If you have HIV or AIDS ► If you have hepatitis ► Anyone who has/has had cancer

► Body can lose 15-30% of total blood volume (~1-2 liters) and person still lives

Why do people need transfusions? ► 1. Disease (sickle cell anemia, Leukemia) ► 2. Cancer ► 3. Surgery- open heart= 10 pints ► 4. Accidents ► 5. Organ transplants

How much blood is given a year? (don’t write) ► 13.9 million units (~pint) ► 8 million people give blood a year for 4.5 million that need it, ► Few than 5% of eligible Americans donate blood a year

How long will it take to replenish? (don’t write) ► They take 1 pint of blood ► Blood volume/plasma replenished in 24 hrs ► RBC’s in 4-8 weeks

What blood types are out there?

Blood types (write from now on) O 46% A 40% B 10% AB 4%

What makes Type A different from Type B? ► Scientist: Karl Landstiener  Saw two different antigens on surface of RBC’s

► Antigen: substance that the body recognizes as foreign ► Immune system releases antibodies in response to it

► Self-antigen: antigens that are normally found in our bodies (person-specific)  Our bodies ignore these

 Karl Labeled one A and one B  If RBC had neither, Type O  If RBC had both, Type AB

If you get wrong blood type, blood clumps  “Agglutination ” ► clogs vessels ► Foreign RBCs are lysed (broken) ► Free hemoglobin molecules block kidneys (um… bad)

When transfusions go bad: ► Fever ► Chills ► Nausea ► vomiting

Blood type facts ► Genetic! ► Can be ethnic specific ► Some are rare, 1/1000 people have it ► Everyone has ABO