1 PAX Good Behavior Game Active Ingredients and Comparisons to Prior Iterations

2 Good Behavior Game Invention Dr. Muriel Saunders, a 4th grade teacher, invented the Good Behavior Game in 1967, and the first experimental results were published two years later. Barrish, H. H., Saunders, M., & Wolf, M. M. (1969). Good behavior game: Effects of individual contingencies for group consequences on disruptive behavior in a classroom. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2(2),

3 Proven Short Term Effects All studies of the Game show it has powerful, immediate benefits for classroom attention and learning—such as these data from Cook County

4 Key Original Parts of the Game Multiple teams in the classroom Teacher uses game during normal instruction Teacher plays game 3 times per day, using a timer Teacher responds unemotionally to rule breaking, marking point against child’s team Children earn simple reward for achieving low number of points against team (rewarding children for self-control, emotional regulation and not attending the antics of others) Challenges to “raise the bar” happen

5 PAX GBG Research-Based Enhancements Visual non-verbal cues added during and between games (Medland and Stachnik, 1972) Academic enhancement strategies (Harris and Sherman, 1973) Peer coaching and public recognitions/praise (Hegerle, Kesecker, and Couch, 1979) Coaching strategies (Johnson, Turner, and Konarski, 1978) Children help create the “rules” for the game (Fishbein and Wasik, 1981). Play game during transitions (Fishbein and Wasik, 1981). Adaptations for special education (Darveaux, 1984) Activity rewards instead of candy (Kosiec, Czernicki, and McLaughlin, 1986) Adaptations for older and younger kids (Salend, Reynolds, and Coyle, 1989; Swiezy, Matson, and Box, 1991). Peace/PAX language (Embry et al., 1996; Flannery et al, 2003)

6 Comparisons to Versions Components Original JHU GBG PAX JHU GBG Basic GBG Key Components Yes Rule clarifications, Secret Game, Weekly Winners, Problem Solving, Charts, data systems, team configurations, etc. Yes Training 40 hours4 hours Classroom Coaching System NoYes Research-based enhancements NoYes Candy/food rewards YesNo Multi-grade/SPED/ school-wide tools NoYes Fidelity/dose measures NoYes Pilot testing in K-8 classrooms Only 1st gradeYes, 250+ Multi-cultural adaptations/testing ??Yes

7 Cited References Darveaux, D.. (1984). The Good Behavior Game plus merit: Controlling disruptive behavior and improving student motivation. School Psychology Review, 13(4), Embry, D. D., Flannery, D. J., Vazsonyi, A. T., Powell, K. E., & Atha, H. (1996). PeaceBuilders: A theoretically driven, school-based model for early violence prevention. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 12(5, Suppl), 91. Fishbein, J.E., & Wasik, B. H. (1981). Effect of the Good Behavior Game on disruptive library behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 14, Flannery, D. J., Vazsonyi, A. T., Liau, A. K., Guo, S., Powell, K. E., Atha, H., et al. (2003). Initial behavior outcomes for the PeaceBuilders universal school-based violence prevention program. Developmental Psychology, 39(2), Harris, V. William; Sherman, James A. (1973). Use and analysis of the "Good Behavior Game" to reduce disruptive classroom behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 6, Hegerle, D.R., Kesecker, M. P., & Couch, J. V. (1979). A behavior game for the reduction of inappropriate classroom behaviors. School Psychology Review, 8(3), Johnson, M. R., Turner, P. F., & Konarski, E. A. (1978). The Good Behavior Game: A systematic replication in two unruly transitional classrooms. Education & Treatment of Children, 1(3), Kosiec, L. E., Czernicki, M. R., & McLaughlin, T. F. (1986). The Good Behavior Game: A replication with consumer satisfaction in two regular elementary school classrooms. Techniques, 2, Medland, M. B., & Stachnik, T. J. (1972). Good Behavior Game: A replication and systematic analysis. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 5(1), Salend, S. J., Reynolds, C. J., & Coyle, E. M. (1989). Individualizing the Good Behavior Game across type and frequency of behavior with emotionally disturbed adolescents. Behavior Modification, 13(1), Swiezy, N. B., Matson, J.L., & Box, P. (1992). The Good Behavior Game: A token reinforcement system for preschoolers. Child & Family Behavior Therapy, 14,