 A cell is the smallest unit of all living beings. ◦ They are the structrural and functional units for all thing things  How many cells are there in the human body?  1,800,000 to 2,400,000 dead skin cells fall off every hour, so billions fall off everyday.

 Plasmatic membrane  Cytoplasm  DNA

Animal Cell Plant Cell You-care-ee-ot-ick = Eukaryotic You-care-ee-oat = Eukaryote

 Genetic material is a long molecule of DNA, called Nucleoid and sometimes small fragments of DNA called plasmids  Do not have any organelles, except ribosomes (carry out protein synthesis) ◦ Flagella( movement) and ◦ Fimbriae(enable bacteria to attach themselves to surfaces)  Example: Bacteria

 Many chemical reactions take place in the plasmatic membrane, which has folds called mesosomes ◦ They have a rigid cover, called the cell wall

Types of cells The eukaryotic animal cell Click on the green labels to find out more Eukaryotic animal cells are more complex and generally larger that prokaryotic cells Nucleus Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Mitochondria Ribosomes Storage vesicles Centriole Lysosomes Cytoskeleton UNIT 1 Secondary Education Main menu

 Like a company  What kinds of jobs are there in a company?  These are the types of jobs that the organelles do within the cell.  Let’s look a few: ◦ Cell membrane, Nucleus, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi body, Vesicles, and Mitochondria

 What does it do? ◦ Controls what enters and exits the cell  Where is it on the diagram? ◦ The blue exterior of the cell

◦ More functions of cell membrane: ◦ Detects stimuli ◦ and allows communication between cells

 Cytoplasm fills the space between the cell membrane and the nucleus  It contains:  Organelles  Cytosqueleton which is a network of filaments that gives shape to the cell and enables it to move

 What does it do? ◦ It controls what the cell does. (Genetic material)  It’s a large organelle inside it (nucleolus)  It has it’s own membrane: nuclear envelope with nuclear pores.

Nucleolus is a round, dense structure where ribosomes are formed. Chromatin: It is a combination of DNA and proteins which makes up the genetic material. In cell division, chromatin condenses (makes Shorter) into chromosomes

The nucleus is surrounded by a porous double membrane and contains a substance similar to cytoplasm (nucleoplasm)

Lysosomes Lysosomes are organelles that carry out digestion in the cell. Click to go back UNIT 1 Secondary Education Types of cells

Centrioles Centrioles control the movement of the chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis They are also used in the formation of cilia and flagella, filaments that are responsible for the cell’s movement. Centriole Click to go back UNIT 1 Secondary Education Types of cells

 Rough E.R.  What does it do? Modifies proteins Receives proteins from “free” ribosomes and transport them to the Golgi body  Smooth E.R. Lipids (fats) are synthesized here

 What do they do? ◦ Store substances to be used later or to be thrown away Vak-you-ols = Vacuoles

 Lysosomes: Rounded vesicles produced by the G………..  Inside the lysosomes are hydrolitic enzymes.  Fuction: cellular digestion

 What does it do? ◦ Receives substances, modifies them, and then sends them out  Why do you think there are so many vesicles surrounding this organelle? Gol-gee Body= Golgi Body

Golgi apparatus The Golgi apparatus processes and packages substances. The vesicles transport the substances to other part of the cell or outside. Click to go back UNIT 1 Secondary Education Types of cells

 What does it do? Through cellular respiration, mitochondria produce most of the energy of a cell  Do you think cells have just one mitochondrion?  Why or why not? Might-oh-kon-dree-on = Mitochondrion Might-oh-kon-dree-ah = Mitochondria

Endoplasmic reticulum The E.R. transports proteins made by the ribosomess and sends them to the Golgi apparatus. Click to go back UNIT 1 Secondary Education Types of cells

 Cytoplasm fills the space between the cell membrane and the nucleus  It contains:  Hyaloplasm ( fluid)  Organelles  Cytoskeleton: Network of filaments that gives shape to the cell and enables it to move

Ribosomes Ribosome Ribosomes synthesise proteins. Click to go back UNIT 1 Secondary Education Types of cells

 DEFINE CELL

 Which organelle processes and packages substances received from the endoplasmic reticulum and transport them out of the cell?

Activities: Question 2 from page 12: Make a table showing the differences between animal cell and plant cell Question 3 and 4 from page 14