What’s the deal about cells?

Cells are the basic units of living things.

All cells come from other cells.

Classification of Cells Prokaryotes Were on earth first and for billion of years the only form of life. Single cell organism with no defined nucleus. Bacteria and cells living in pond surfaces and puddles are mostly prokaryotes.

Classification of Cells Eukaryotes Each cell has a defined nucleus The nucleus is the largest most visible part and controls the cells activities. Eukaryotic organisms are usually multi-cellular organisms – plant and animal cells

Classification of Cells

Eukaryotes Plant and Animal Cells Compare their forms

CELLS AND THEIR ORGANELLES An organelle is… specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function

Plant Cells Plant Cells have these organelles: Rigid Cell Walls Cell Membrane Vacuole Nucleus Mitochondria Cytoplasm Green Chloroplasts Ribosomes Rigid Cell Walls Cell Membrane Vacuole Nucleus Mitochondria Cytoplasm Green Chloroplasts Ribosomes

Animal Cells Animal Cells have these organelles: Cell Membrane Vacuole Nucleus Mitochondria Cytoplasm Ribosomes Cell Membrane Vacuole Nucleus Mitochondria Cytoplasm Ribosomes

Functions of these organelles help define the shape and give structure to the plant. Rigid Cell Walls

Functions of these organelles Helps to control what enters and leaves the cell Cell Membrane

Functions of these organelles Stores food, water, minerals and wastes, they are more prominent in plant cells Vacuole

Functions of these organelles Controls most of the cell’s activity and contains the genetic material called DNA Nucleus

Functions of these organelles Converts food energy into a form that the cell can use Mitochondria

Functions of these organelles A gelatin-like substance that fills the cell and contains many chemicals that the cell needs Cytoplasm

Functions of these organelles Captures energy from sunlight and uses it to convert carbon dioxide and water into food Green Chloroplasts

Functions of these organelles Produce the protein for the cell Ribosomes

Let’s get to work… a plant cell Create and an animal cell with the organelles we talked about Use the material at hand, cut out, draw, form or whatever is necessary. Label all organelles. Find a way to show which organelles both cells have in common

Organelles Inside Cells: *Cell Membrane- thin flexible outer covering. Controls what enters and leaves the cell. Known as the “Gatekeeper”

*Cytoplasm- Gel-like fluid inside the cell made mostly of water. Other organelles are inside the cytoplasm.

*Nucleus- “The brain”; Contains the genetic material called DNA, and is the control center of the cell. Surrounded by a membrane just like the cell.

*Vacuole- “The refrigerator”, stores water, food and other wastes.

*Mitochondria- the “powerhouse”, where energy is created in a cell.

Organelles inside plant cells only

*Chloroplasts- sites where photosynthesis takes place in a plant cell. They contain chlorophyll used to make food.

*Cell Wall- Provides support, shape and protection for plant cells.

Animal Cells

ADDITIONAL ORGANELLES FOR HONORS AND CHALLENGE CLASSES

Endoplasmic Reticulum-”The Highway”, helps to transport materials inside the cell. Rough has ribosomes, smooth does not.

Lysosome- “The stomach” of the cell. It digests waste and other materials. Sometimes digests the cell itself.

Ribosome- Makes protein inside the cell.

Golgi Body- Packages proteins; “UPS”

Chromosomes- Located in the nucleus, where genetic information is stored.

Nucleolus- Inside the nucleus; creates ribosomes