CAREERS IN HEALTHCARE

Benefits of working in healthcare  Job Growth  Makes an impact  Flexible (for all levels of education and experience)  Competitive  Never a dull moment

Background  The SNAP officers researched the major healthcare professions  Doctors  Nurses  Sports Medicine  Surgeons/ER Doctors  Specialists

Checkpoints for most healthcare professions  Pre-med (4-years)  MCAT (test for acceptance into medical school)  Medical School (4-years)  The Match (for acceptance into residency)  Residency (3-7years depending on profession)  Fellowship (optional)

Pre-med  4 years  Prerequisites  Major/minor in anything  What to do in pre-med: 

The Match  During Fourth and final year in Medical school  Interview October – February  Colleges will look at your MCAT score and your interview

MCAT Four part test  Physical Sciences (PS)  Verbal Reasoning (VR)  Writing Sample (WS)  Biological Sciences (BS)

Residency  On-the-job training  Year 1-4 annual salary is around $50,000  80 hour work week  Look up years of residency for each specialty:  ions/otherpubs/strolling/specialty/residencypro grams.html

Doctors  Also called physicians  A doctor diagnoses and treats diseases and conditions, as well as provides treatment in many forms including medication, procedures, surgery, or therapy.

“General Doctor” Primary care- Family Medicine provides continuing, comprehensive health care for individual and family Pediatrician Does checkups, diagnoses, provides treatment for ages 0-18yrs

Family Doctor  Salary $125,000 - $161,000  Years in school  Job outlook Excellent  Work in a medical office hospitals, nursing homes  3 years residency

Pediatrician  3 years residency  Median salary $172,098  Typically work longer hours (many do 60 or more hours work-weeks)  on call at all hours of the day or night including days that may be scheduled days off  4 years of undergraduate school, 4 years of medical school, and 3 to 8 years of internship and residency,

Nursing Many Subspecialties including: Registered Nurse Nurse Practitioner Flexible schedule 3 days, 12 hours each day 4 days, 10 hours each day

Registered Nurse  provide and coordinate patient care  educate patients and the public about various health conditions  provide advice and emotional support to patients and their family members.

Nurse Practitioner  first in line to diagnose and treat illnesses and injuries.  Can make prescriptions  often require a BSN (Bachelors of Science in Nursing), followed by additional training, sometimes requiring a Masters in Nursing

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses  provide basic nursing care. They work under the direction of registered nurses and doctors.  work in facilities, hospitals, physicians' offices, and private homes.

Top 10 Highest Paying Nursing Specialties  1) Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist – $135,000 1) Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist  2) Nurse Researcher – $95,000 2) Nurse Researcher  3) Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner – $95,000 3) Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner  4) Certified Nurse Midwife – $84,000 4) Certified Nurse Midwife  5) Pediatric Endocrinology Nurse – $81,000 5) Pediatric Endocrinology Nurse  6) Orthopedic Nurse – $81,000 6) Orthopedic Nurse  7) Nurse Practitioner – $78,000 7) Nurse Practitioner  8) Clinical Nurse Specialist – $76,000 8) Clinical Nurse Specialist  9) Gerontological Nurse Practitioner – $75,000 9) Gerontological Nurse Practitioner  10) Neonatal Nurse – $74,000 10) Neonatal Nurse

Sports Medicine  branch of medicine that deals with physical fitness, treatment and prevention of injuries related to sports and exercisemedicinephysical fitnessinjuriessportsexercise  has the potential to save an athlete's career, and possibly their life.  The minimum requirements:  an undergraduate degree in a related field, such as athletic training or exercise science  a passing score on the state licensing exam.

Athletic Trainers/Therapist Duties  Sport equipment fitting, maintenance, and emergency removal  Applying protective/supportive techniques that allow the athlete to regain physically active lifestyle  Immediate on-field emergency injury assessment and management

Team Physician  Supervising pre-participation physical & medical history  Clearing of players for return to play after injury  Work with AT and student athletic trainers/therapist in further development of AT program

Sports Medicine Doctor  Examination  X-Rays  Preparation  Operations  Rehabilitation  Sports medicine physician: $220,000

Surgeons  Surgeons are physicians who operate to repair injuries, correct deformities, prevent diseases, and generally improve the health of patients.  trained specifically to operate on patients in need of a variety of acute surgical procedures.  Surgery involves making an incision on the patient's body and repairing or removing an internal part of the body, and then closing the incision for optimum recovery.  5-6 years residency

Work environment  work four and a half to five days a week on a regular basis, plus any time being on-call for emergencies or urgent situations  being a surgeon is more than a forty-hour per week job.  Most surgeons work hours weekly, including on-call time, administrative duties, and other responsibilities.  Usually surgeons will have about 3 days blocked off for surgery and 2 days devoted to office hours for follow-up appointments or pre- operative consultations.

Work Environment  long or irregular hours  long periods of standing while performing surgeries  required to attend to patients on-call

Surgeon Salaries  General Surgeons: $330,215  Orthopedic surgeons: $475,781  Neurosurgeons: $623,936  Plastic surgeons: $408,065

Internal Medicine  3 years residency  Internists are typically generalists who cover a broad scope of medicine to include total body wellness, disease prevention, and management of chronic conditions and illnesses. Internists typically treat adults, some adolescents, and elderly as well.  Typical office hours are about 8am to 5pm, 4 to 5 days per week

Internal Medicine subspecialties  Cardiologist: treats diseases of the heart, lungs, blood vessels and complex cardiac conditions; requires a three-year fellowship.  Endocrinologist: treats diseases or conditions of the glands, hormones and other internal secretions – requires an additional two years of fellowship after internal medicine residency.  Gastroenterologist: treats digestive system including stomach, liver, and intestines; requires a two-year fellowship.  Nephrologist: treats kidney disorders; requires 2 year fellowship after residency.  Pulmonologist: treats lung diseases and disorders such as COPD, asthma, cancer, breathing and sleep problems. Requires 2 year fellowship.  Oncologist: treats cancers and solid tumors of all kinds, and administers chemotherapy. Requires 2 years of fellowship after internal medicine residency.  Rheumatologist: treats disorders of joints, muscles and bones, such as arthritis. Requires 3 years of fellowship training.  Allergist & Immunologist: diagnoses, evaluates, and manages severe allergies and deficiencies of the immune system. Requires two year fellowship.

Cardiologist  The cardiologist job description would be the standard cardiology physician who treats and diagnoses heart disease.  The interventional cardiologist is a physician who performs a variety of invasive tests and procedures to assist in diagnoses of and treatment of cardiac disease.  Cardiologists specialize in the diagnosis, treatment and intervention of diseases of the heart and cardiovascular system.  Most of them work in small private offices or clinics,  3-8 years of internship and residency

Specialists  More than 60 specialties  Subspecialties in almost all fields  Increasing with new technology

ER Doctors  3 years residency  Median salary $249,880.  Treats patients in emergency room to ensure proper injury care and disease diagnosis, treatment, and recovery.  Works with life-or-death situations  New experiences

Orthopedic Surgeon  Examines, diagnoses, and surgically treats musculoskeletal diseases and injuries. Performs surgical procedures to immobilize fractures by using corrective devices such as braces, pins, casts, and splints.  Median salary $414,000  5 years

Optometrist  Salary range:  $74,651 – $123,115  Minimum training  Doctorate; state-issued license required  Job description:  Optometrists diagnose, manage and treat conditions and diseases of the eyes and visual system. May prescribe drugs to treat some eye diseases.  Work environment:  Optometrists work in offices, typically as private practitioners or in retail optical stores.

Radiologist  The main purpose of a radiologist is to diagnose diseases through the use of x-rays.  Can work at home  Sometimes reviews x-rays with personal technology  Great for travelling

Pharmacist  Salary: $85,000  most individuals have at least three years of college education.  may require successful completion of the Pharmacy College Admissions Test (PCAT).

Orthodontist  deal with hardware such as retainers and headgear with goal of aligning teeth  improves the appearance or the ability of the person to chew and swallow food without difficulty or pain.  2-3 years residency

Anesthesiologist  responsible for maintenance of the patient’s vital life functions—heart rate, body temperature, blood pressure, breathing—through continual monitoring and assessment during surgery.  4 years residency  often on call for all hours of the day.  In extreme cases they can work over 80 hours per week

Top Medical Colleges  #1 Harvard University Boston, MAHarvard University  Full-time: $47,500  #2 Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MDJohns Hopkins University  Full-time: $42,  #2 University of Pennsylvania (Perelman) Philadelphia, PAUniversity of Pennsylvania (Perelman)  Full-time: $45,  #4 Stanford University Stanford, CAStanford University  Full-time: $45,  #5 University of California--San Francisco San Francisco, CAUniversity of California--San Francisco  Full-time: $29,856 (in-state), Full-time: $42,101 (out-of-state)

What to do in high school  Take many science and math classes  Human Anatomy + Physiology Educate yourself -Volunteer at hospitals/medical organizations -Internships -Research on your own Keep an open mind!

Helpful sites  Interviews from people working in medicine etc  Overview of other medical professions: