English First Paper Presented by; Mr. Liton Kumar Dey.

Environmental Pollution. Unit:5. Lesson:2.

 Learning Outcomes. 1. To comprehend and summarise texts. 2. To ask and answer questions. 3. To draft and deliver lectures on given topics.

Kinds of Environmental Pollution. 1.Air Pollution. 2.Water Pollution. 3.Soil Pollution.

Air Pollution Mainly, smokes and gases emitted from different kinds of motor vehicles and industries mainly pollute the air. Besides, smoke released from smokers during smoking also pollute the air. Smokes released from burning objects such as wood, polythene bags, paper, plastic materials also increase CO 2 (Carbon-Di-Oxide), CO(Carbon Mono Oxide) and other poisonous gases in the atmosphere which are very dangerous for human health as well as animals and plants.

Air Pollution Pathways

Problems due to Air Pollution 1.Damage to human health. 2.Acid rain, 3.Ozone Depletion 4.Green House Effect, 5.Climate Change.

Damage to Human Health When human beings as well as animals breathe the air polluted by different kinds of poisonous gases then they may be affected by this polluted air. This polluted air can cause heart disease, chest disease, dizziness, nausea, allergic reactions, eye/skin/respiratory tract irritation, and even cancer in the human body. Particulate matter which is a mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets ; hampers our respiration process as well as the photosynthesis process of plants. When particulate matter is breathed in, it can irritate and damage the lungs causing breathing problems.

ACID RAIN PATHWAYS

Problems attributed to Acid Rain Trees lose some of the protection in their leaves, leaving them more at risk from frost and diseases. Tree roots may also become stunted, so they can't take up as many nutrients. Soils lose some of their nutrients. Increasing acid levels may cause problems for aquatic animals and plants. Some fish may have trouble breathing for example. Acid rain may dissolve the stonework and mortar of buildings causing structural problems of buildings.

AN EXAMPLE OF CONSEQUENCE DUE TO ACID RAIN Acid rain does not usually kill trees directly. Instead, it is more likely to weaken trees by damaging their leaves, limiting the nutrients available to them, or exposing them to toxic substances slowly released from the soil.

Ozone Depletion Two primary pollutants ; Nitrogen oxides (NOx) and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) are responsible for the destruction of ozone layer. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) means the oxide gases of Nitrogen such as Nitric Oxide, Nitrogen Di-Oxide etc ; Volatile Organic Compounds carbon containing gases and fumes. Chemicals released by our activities affect the stratosphere, one of the atmospheric layers surrounding earth. The ozone layer in the stratosphere protects the earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Release of chlorofluorocarbons (CFC's) from aerosol cans, cooling systems and refrigerator equipment removes some of the ozone, causing "holes"; to open up in this layer and allowing the radiation to reach the earth. Ultraviolet radiation is known to cause skin cancer and has damaging effects on plants and wildlife. Ozone depletion not only affects human health, it can damage vegetation and decrease the productivity of some crops.

Green House Effect Excess increase in CO 2 in the atmosphere. Then, excess increase of temperature in the Earth’s temperature due to the larger heat capacity of CO 2 than any other gases. Finally, global warming will happen. Changes of even a few degrees will affect us all through changes in the climate and even the possibility that the polar ice caps may melt. One of the consequences of polar ice cap melting would be a rise in global sea level, resulting in widespread coastal flooding.

Climate Change The excess amount of CO 2 and other gases and smokes will increase the temperature of the atmosphere. As a result, the atmospheric temperature will range from 30° C to above during the winter season and it can increase up to 50° C during the summer season. As a consequence, drought will happen during the summer season; cyclone and finally flood during the winter season. For example, we can remember the cyclone named SIDR which happened on 15 th November, 2007.

Water Pollution Mainly, polluted waters released from different kinds of mills, industries, municipal areas are responsible for water pollution. Fossil oil residues released from ships and boats also pollute the water. Dumping of different kinds of plastic jar, polythene bags and other materials into the water is also a reason of water pollution. Mixing of water from agricultural land with river is also one of the causes of water pollution.

Problems of Water Pollution Municipal waste water can decrease the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water which causes suffocation to aquatic organisms such as fish, crab, shrimp etc. Suffocation can ultimately cause death to them. Polluted waters from industries, municipal areas, mills can cause various kinds of disease to larger aquatic animals and death to primitive organisms. Polluted waters change the normal behavior of the water and make the water toxic. As a result, this toxic water causes a greater mortality to fish and other aquatic animals.

Soil Pollution Land pollution mainly occurs due to the dumping of solid wastes on the land here and there such as polythene bags, plastic materials, human wastes, food residues, fruit wastes etc. Land pollution can affect wildlife, plants, and humans in a number of ways. It can cause problems in the respiratory system, cause problems on the skin, leads to birth defects, or can cause various kinds of cancers. Land pollution decreases the productivity in the soil and makes the soil unproductive for agriculture; which ultimately hampers the gross production of crops.

Remedies Tree plantation is a must. Dumping of solid wastes here and there must be stopped. Solid wastes have to be buried. Municipal waste water can be used as fertilizer in agricultural land. Dumping of industrial waste water should be banned legally and proper laws should be introduced and enforced. Industrial waste water has to be buried. Organic fertilizers such as cow dung, human waste can be used instead of chemical fertilizers. Leaves of margosa tree ( wbg) and lime can be used instead of chemical pesticide.

FUTURE CONSEQUENCE OF OUR COUNTRY If we fails to take immediate necessary steps in due time; our country will become a desert land.

Write five sentences about air/water/soil pollution.

Write a paragraph in ( )words “How can we reduce pollution”.

Thanks to all.