RISK ASSESSMENT AND MONITORING OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS CORAZON VIDAD Philippines

I. PURPOSE FOR ATTENDING THIS COURSE Learn about risk assessment technology for environmental contaminants and their impact; Learn the principles and techniques for monitoring of environmental chemicals detected from environmental resources and agricultural products; Gain analytical techniques and skills in instrument and immunoassay methods.

II. What you have studied mainly on environmental science and technology in this course?

Collection of samples Soil River water Soil gas Particulate matter

Sample preparation procedures Extraction Filtration Column chromatography Evaporation Homogenization Solid phase extraction Liquid-liquid extraction Centrifugation

Analysis of Samples SOIL SEDIMENT Residue analysis of herbicides Measurement of ATP Content GC/MS–Ion trap type Luminometer Rapid analysis of soil Colorimetric Heavy Metal – Cu, Zn, Cd Atomic absorption ICP Polychlorinated biphenylsGC-ECD

WATER Tap River Pond Agricultural Treated Domestic Wastewater pH EC DO COD PO4-P NO3 NO2 Cl SO4 Pack Test RQ Flex Ion Chromatograph

WATER Analysis of surfactants (LAS) HPLC ELISA Kit Heavy metals – Cd, Pb, As Boron Atomic Absorption UV-VIS Spectrophotometer Pack Test Toxic substances – Phenol Free cyanide Ammonium Potassium Permanganate Consumption Total hardnessTitration Chemical Oxygen Demand

Recovery of 5 pesticidesGC/MS Volatile organic compounds GC/MS Head Space Method WATER Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals 17B Estradiol Bisphenol A Alachlor ELISA ELISA Kit HPLC

VEGETABLES Komatuna Spinach Paprika Corn Cucumber Okra Beans Paprika NO3 concentration RQ Flex Recovery test Of 5 pesticides GC/MS Multi-residue Analysis of 229 pesticides GC/MS LC/MS

AIR PLASTIC TOY Soil pore air VOC Detection tube (screening) GC/MS Or GC-Photo Ionization Detector Particulate Matter Measurement of PM10 Low Volume Sampler Chemical Oxygen Demand Potassium Permanganate Consumption

III. WHICH SUBJECT MOST USEFUL TO SOLVE ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN YOUR COUNTRY?

Recycling Oriented Society Material Circulation Reduce Consumption Reduce environmental burden Solid Waste Management in Japan

INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISM Waste Management Law Set up of processing facility Effective utilization of facilities Use of available technologies Strict regulation/stiffer penalties Clear definition of roles Subsides and financial assistance Law for Promotion & Effective Utilization of Resources Containers and packages Home appliances Construction materials Food wastes End of life vehicles

Society capable of Sustainable growth Creating harmony With economy and nature DEVELOPMENT THAT MEETS THE NEEDS OF THE PRESENT W/O COMPROMISING THE ABILITY OF FUTURE GENERATION TO MEET THEIR OWN NEEDS

Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2002 National Solid Waste Management Commission Provincial Solid Waste Management Board City/Municipal Waste Management Board National Ecology Center

CALABARZON REGION Total land area 1,622,861 hectares Total number of municipalities 142 Total number of cities 10 Population (2001) 10,782,607

Open DumpsControlled DumpSanitary Landfill 88 open dumps27 proposed sites 3 sites with Environmental Compliance Certificate

IV. ACTION PLAN Make a feed back report to Regional Director, and submit report to National Economic Development Authority Expand and improve the monitoring of drinking water quality

ACTION PLAN Make proposal Philippine National Standards on Drinking Water Revision Committee to: Widen the scope of monitoring to include the standards for total trihalomethane, VOCs, surface active agents, and disinfectant by- products

ACTION PLAN To identify critical areas where activities are potential sources of contamination of groundwater, through coordination with Environment Department; Prioritization of identified sites based on the nature/type of industry, proximity to waste dumping sites, presence of groundwater source and number of households using the water facility;

ACTION PLAN In areas identified to be high risk for contamination, to evaluate other parameters not listed in the Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water that may have endocrine effects Preparation of drinking water quality monitoring plan by province.

ACTION PLAN Proposed upgrading/improvement of existing government water laboratories. Inventory of water laboratory instruments and training needs assessment of laboratory personnel; To prepare budgetary requirements, and make necessary requests, solicit donations from private entities and non-government organizations,

ACTION PLAN Capability building of laboratory personnel, to use ELISA technique and other methods required based on the availability of instruments. Preparation of training modules and conduct of practical trainings will be done through coordination with DOH – East Avenue Memorial Medical Center National Reference Laboratory.

ACTION PLAN Establish networking with other agencies through Regional Inter- Agency Committee on Environmental Health in the analysis of samples requiring sensitive analytical instruments, e.g. for pesticides: Department of Agriculture - Pesticides Analytical Laboratory, metal ions, VOCs: DENR/EMB.

ACTION PLAN To recommend to the Regional Health Director, provincial governors/ provincial health officers to subject all private water laboratories analyzing bottled water and product water from water refilling stations to undergo external proficiency tests. Proficiency test will be conducted by DOH National Reference Laboratory or any reputable private analytical laboratory recommended by DOH Central Office.

ACTION PLAN To purchase basic instruments and glassware, reagents and supplies necessary to implement the agreed monitoring plans In the absence of highly sensitive analytical instruments such as GC/MS, HPLC, to make use of simplified water inspection products for screening tests on Al, As, B, Ca, chloride, residual chlorine, free cyanide, Cr6+, Cu, F, Fe, formaldehyde,, Mg, Mn, NO3, NO2, pH, phenol, total hardness, Zn,

ACTION PLAN To recommend the use of enzyme linked immunoassay kits in evaluating compounds which have endocrine effect such as estrogen, compounds which are used as raw materials for surfactants (bisphenol A, LAS), organochlorine compounds with thermal properties (PCBs) and other agricultural chemicals with known toxicities (Alachlor, Atrazine).