Developing a Speech Topic and Audience / Setting Analysis

Steps in Writing a Speech (adapted from information found on page 251) Action Step 1: Determine a specific speech goal that is adapted to the audience and occasion. Action Step 2: Gather, evaluate, and organize information to develop the body of your speech. Action Step 3: Organize the introduction and conclusion of your speech. Action Step 4: Create presentational aids. Action Step 5: Adapt verbal and visual materials to the needs of your specific audience. Action Step 6: Practice!

General Goals (page 259) To inform To persuade To motivate To entertain

Informative Speaking (page 364) Informative speaking “informs” listeners by increasing their knowledge on something. Informative speaking answers questions such as “who,” “when,” “what,” “where,” “why,” and “how to.” Informative speaking should be: Intellectually stimulating Relevant to the audience Creative

Persuasive Claims (page 390) Claim/Proposition of Fact: statement designed to convince an audience that something does or does not exists or occur, is or is not true. Claim /Proposition of Value: statement designed to convince an audience that something is good, bad, fair, unfair, moral, immoral, etc. Claim/Proposition of Policy: statement designed to convince an audience a particular action should be taken.

Persuasive Claims: Claims of Fact Claims of Value Claims of Policy Pharmaceutical advertising affects prescription drug prices Pharmaceutical advertising of new prescription drugs on TV is better than marketing new drugs directly to doctors. Pharmaceutical companies should be required to refrain from advertising prescription drugs on TV. Inadequate lighting near campus has caused an increase in crime The safety of college students should take priority in campus planning Campus officials should adopt a safety plan for the college campus Weight Loss advertising affects cosmetic surgery procedures among young adults Weight Loss advertising is harmful to the self-concepts of young adults Weight Loss advertising should be limited in the media

Audience Analysis (page 254) Audience analysis is the study of the intended audience for you speech. Audience Adaptation is the process of tailoring your speech’s information to the needs, interests, and expectations of you audience.

Audience Analysis (page 254) Demographics: Gender Age Knowledge / interest of subject Group Affiliation Religion Ethnicity Group memberships Socioeconomic factors Occupation Income Education

Setting Analysis (page 257) What are expectations of your speech? What is the length of your speech? Other time restraints? What is the size of your audience? Where will the speech be given? What equipment will be available? What is the occasion of the speech? What time of day will the speech be given?

Specific Goals: (page 259) A specific goal includes the following information: Your general Goal Your intended Audience Your specific topic

Examples General Goal: To inform Specific Goal: To inform my classmates on the history of WWII General Goal: To persuade Specific Goal: To persuade my friends to recycle aluminum