Distributed Simulation -- An Enabling Technology for the Evaluation of Supply Chains -- Supported by NIST Jeyendran Venkateswaran, Mohammed Jafferali, Young-Jun Son Systems and Industrial Engineering The University of Arizona (520) ,

Outline of Presentation Overview of manufacturing simulationsOverview of manufacturing simulations Architecture of distributed simulationArchitecture of distributed simulation Model supply chain interactionModel supply chain interaction Demonstration of integration of multiple commercial simulation software (Arena™ and ProModel ™)Demonstration of integration of multiple commercial simulation software (Arena™ and ProModel ™)

Different Types of Manufacturing Simulations Spindle rotation, X,Y,Z movement of tool in machine Somewhat continuous processes Enterprise Shop Equipment Real World

Different Types of Manufacturing Simulations Enterprise Shop Equipment Real World High level tasks such asHigh level tasks such as pick, put, cycle start, etc Somewhat discrete processesSomewhat discrete processes

Different Types of Manufacturing Simulations Enterprise Shop Equipment Real World Interface with other enterpriseInterface with other enterprise Focus of this presentationFocus of this presentation Interface/Interaction

Big Executor (Shop Level) ABB robot Prolight IBM robot FadalCartrac AS/RS Task Output Queue Task Input Queue Eshed robot Real World or Equipment level simulation Shop Floor Control Simulation Shop Level SimulationEquipment Simulation

Big Executor (Shop Level) ABB robot Prolight IBM robot FadalCartrac AS/RS Task Output Queue Task Input Queue Eshed robot Real World or Equipment level simulation Shop Level Simulation Equipment Simulation Evaluation of B2B Collaboration Represented by Run Time Infrastructure (RTI) Supplier model in ARENA (federate) Distributor in AUTOMOD (federate) Manufacturing in PROMODEL (federate) NIST Adapter Common Interface Common Interface Common Data Repository among Collaborators NETWORK (LAN or INTERNET) XML documents, Objects & messages XML documents, Objects & messages XML documents, Objects & messages XML documents, Objects & messages Represented by

Requirements to enable Simulation Integration Given multiple simulation modelsGiven multiple simulation models Requirements (mechanisms) for the integration of multiple simulation modelsRequirements (mechanisms) for the integration of multiple simulation models –Time coordination (current simulation time should be the same) –Interaction (coordination) or communication Objects (material and information)Objects (material and information) Messaging (interactions)Messaging (interactions) High Level Architecture (HLA) and Run-Time Infrastructure will provide a basis for simulation systems integrationHigh Level Architecture (HLA) and Run-Time Infrastructure will provide a basis for simulation systems integration NIST Adapter (common interface)NIST Adapter (common interface)

HLA/RTI to be used directly in Manufacturing Domain Is complexIs complex Requires too much custom coding from prominent simulation applications in the manufacturing domainRequires too much custom coding from prominent simulation applications in the manufacturing domain So, what about a reusable, easy-to-use, and common interface => NIST AdapterSo, what about a reusable, easy-to-use, and common interface => NIST Adapter

Time Management (1) Tnow: current time in a legacy simulation (federate)Tnow: current time in a legacy simulation (federate) –When stand-alone mode Tnow is updated based on original event calendarTnow is updated based on original event calendar –In federation (distributed simulation) Tnow is constrained by Tnows of other simulations through C and S iTnow is constrained by Tnows of other simulations through C and S i C: current time in distributed simulation (federation)C: current time in distributed simulation (federation) S i : simulation step size of federate iS i : simulation step size of federate i –User variable –Smaller, more tightly coordinated among federates

How do we implement the interaction and time management? Each simulation member can run as stand aloneEach simulation member can run as stand alone

How do we model this interaction? Each simulation member can run as stand aloneEach simulation member can run as stand alone

Prototype Virtual Supply Chain Supplier B Supplier A Logistics & Administration Incoming parts storage Outgoing product storage Manufacturing WarehouseDistributor Retailer Assembly Plant Material flow Transportation system LEGEND Information flow is opposite direction from the material flow

Functional Specification using IDEF  Input Function Output Mechanism Control

Decomposed Functions

0 1 open_transaction_as open_transaction_ok_sa order_as$12345$ close_transaction_as close_transaction_ok_sa O O I I I 4 T remove_entity load_parts_ts O I load_parts_ok_st generate_transport_order T transport_order_st O 10 Modeling behavior among members using FSA

Implementation 4 Members have been modeled in Arena  and ProModel  (AutoMod  will be included)4 Members have been modeled in Arena  and ProModel  (AutoMod  will be included) Adapter (NIST) has been implemented in COM objectsAdapter (NIST) has been implemented in COM objects Both Arena  and ProModel  provides a built-in environment to use COM objects as part of their simulation softwareBoth Arena  and ProModel  provides a built-in environment to use COM objects as part of their simulation software DemonstrationDemonstration

Performance Test for Suitability FactorsLevelsDescription NetworkLAN Internet Modeling tool Single Only Arena Multiple Arena, ProModel Message size Small Less than 30 Large More than 300 Invocation of RTI Method 1 Method 2

What’s next? Case studiesCase studies Evaluation scenariosEvaluation scenarios –Evaluation of virtual enterprises (lead-time, cost, quality) Develop a generic brokerDevelop a generic broker –Information modeling of manufacturing objects –Generic input/output interface from users Embedding/adding more scientific algorithmsEmbedding/adding more scientific algorithms –Interaction among members (Petri-net, agent technology, etc) –Decision-making algorithms