Unit 7 Korean Cities Construction and Development in Early Times

The Main Cities of Korea Population 24 million Area Square Km Population 50.1 million Area Square Km

The Early Korean Civilization  Korea in early Chinese documents Multiple tribes and backward civilization recorded in the “History of Three Kingdoms”; “Historical Records”……  City construction in Korean Peninsular Establishment of urban system: 4 prefectures and 23 counties under Han Dynasty; synchronous growth with Northern China  Cities during the Three-Kingdom Period Capitals: Pyongyang, Kongju and Kyongju; United Nation under Shilla and the overall introduction of Chinese culture, administration and urban form ； Confucianism became the dominant ideology of Korean kindoms The Han Empire

Three Kingdoms in Korea Three Kingdoms of Korea  The Three Kingdoms of Korea ( 삼국시대 ) refer to the ancient Korean kingdoms of Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla, which dominated the Korea peninsula and parts of Machuria for much of the 1st millennium CE. North and South States  The Three Kingdoms period ran from 57 BC until Silla's triumph over Goguryeo in 668, which marked the beginning of the North and South States period ( 남북국시 대 ) of Unified Silla in the South and Balhae in the North.  The earlier part of this period, before the three states developed into full-fledged kingdoms, is sometimes called Proto-Three Kingdoms of Korea.

Ancient Korea: Three Kingdoms Kaesong

History about Ancient Korean Capitals ( Gyeongju, Kaesong )

Ancient Korea City and Facilities Kyongju The Sea-front Palace in the 7 th Century

Korean City Buildings Confucian Temple City Gate City Wall Balhae State

Structures of Korean Cities  Urban system and city construction Capital and local government (Kaesong and Seoul); Centralized administration and city hierarchy order  Features of traditional Korean cities Double-cored city structure (mountain fortress + the walled city) ; Active business, international trade and merchant groups  Gradual growth of urban facilities Urban infrastructure in Korean cities: wall, bell tower, icehouse; Education facilities and Confucian spirit in the long dynasties; Chinese-style emperor’s mausoleum and residential houses

Mountain Fortress in Korea 1 Pusan TV Tower

Mountain Fortress in Korea 2 Seoul

City Construction and Techniques in Early Korea Heating System Ice House

Korean Cities in the Long Period Dynasties  Koryo(Korean)Dynasty( ） Urban culture directly influenced by Chinese empires (law and examination system); Capital construction and new urban functions (261 fortresses) against invasion from Japan  Urban Policies of the Centralized Government Strengthened central power and the policy of appeasement; Korean Long Wall and the correspondent city system (5 centers and prefecture-county system)  Urban construction and economic Development Capital location and construction based on Fengshui concept ; Ceremonial orders and cultural buildings inside cities (Bell Tower, about 362 Confucian Temples in the peninsular); The Long Wall in North Korea The Confucian School in Seoul

Urban Culture in Korean Cities

Cultural Heritage Protection Cheonggyecheon Reform

Traditional life of Korean Citizens