Nationalism & Revolution Around the World

3 Causes: 1. Peasants wanted land 2. Factory workers and miners wanted higher wages 3. The middle class wanted democracy

Murals: Contributed to the rise in Cultural Nationalism in Mexico. Meant to help ALL Mexican, even those who couldn’t read, learn about the ideals of the Revolution. (Aztecan/Mayan, Influences) Made Church land “property of the nation” Constitution of 1917 was approved by President Venustiano Carranza

 Dominated Mexican Politics from the 1930s through the Free Election of  Distributed land more equally.  Supported labor  Nationalized natural resources  Did NOT support democracy

 Strengthened Latin American nationalism and improved relations between Latin America and the United States.  U.S. FDR pledged to lessen interference in Latin American affairs.  U.S. withdrew troops from Haiti and Nicaragua  Supported Mexico’s nationalization of oil  Economic Nationalism  Governments set up factories, raised tariffs, invested directly into new businesses

Resistance of Colonial Rule Formed labor unions and organizations to protest colonial rule Africa for Africans Movement: Meant to increase national unity and protest colonial rule. (Pan-Africanism) Apartheid-policy of segregation in South Africa Rise of Nationalism 1. Pan-Africanism 2. Pan-African Congress 3. Negritude Movement: writers expressing pride in African roots. (Leopold Senghor)

Muslim religious leaders objected to forms in Turkey & Persia because: They felt that new laws might interfere with Islamic culture Balfour Declaration: British led advocating a national home for Jews in Palestine. (Conflict b/w Arab and Jewish nationalists Turkey: Ataturk’s reforms were meant to reject religion in laws & government. Focused on modernizing industry and transportation

 Modernizes Persia (Iran)  Forced out Russian/British troops  Eventually forced out of power before WWII Allegedly favored Germany and Britain/France were fearful of his allegiances to Germany.

Sought Self Rule Felt the British didn’t deliver on the reform promises they made during WWI. Amritsar massacre convinced Indians independence was necessary. Power of Non-Violence  Ghandi—preached CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE OR NON- VIOLENCE to solve problems.  Ahimsa: nonviolence and reverence for all life  USE THE POWER OF LOVE TO CHANGE WRONGDOERS.  Launched a series of non-violent actions against British Rule  Boycott British goods  Was able to gain support for his cause because of his personal character and his emphasis on equality  Worldwide attention forced Britain to give Indians more rights

May Fourth Movement  Student protests across China  Meant to strengthen China by learning from Western culture Causes  Warlord uprisings weakened China which allowed countries like Japan to hone in on China’s possessions.  China was unable to stop foreign imperialism

Jiang Jieshi & The Nationalists— Guomindang party --wanted to weaken power of war lords & reunite China --anti communists Mao Zedong & The Communists --wanted the support of the peasants to spread communism throughout China

 Jiang Jieshi led “extermination campaigns” against Mao Zedong & the Communists  Mao Zedong fought back with guerilla warfare or quick hit & run attacks.  Mao Zedong enforced strict discipline. Soldiers were to treat peasants politely, pay for goods they wanted, and avoid damaging crops.

 Japan wanted to create an empire  Japan invades Manchuria—a region in Northeast China rich with natural resources  Helps unify the Chinese people creating a common enemy with Japan.  The Chinese begin to fight back as a whole against the Japanese

Enjoyed great prosperity and industrial production during the 1920s Hirohito ruled from Expanded the economy and military Became an international power Widespread Democracy The Diet—Japanese Parliament flourished All men could vote

Despite all of the prosperity, there were struggles. Rural peasants did not share in the nations newfound wealth Factory workers earned low wages Earthquake in 1923 struck Businesses were destroyed and over 100,000 people were killed Those who survived were left with no buildings and factories and in turn lost their jobs.

 Ultranationalists condemned Western ideals  Set sites on Manchuria—region in China  Region was rich in natural resources and Japanese businesses were heavily invested there.