Metabolism Transformations and Interactions Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

Metabolism Photosynthesis Fuel Metabolism Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning CO 2 Carbohydrates Amino Acids H2OH2O Calvin Cycle Shikimic Acid Pathway Creation of potential energy in food by plants. Fatty acids Protein Fats

Chemical Reactions Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

Adenosine Triphosphate Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

Chemical Reactions Coupled reactions Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

A Typical Cell

Chemical Reactions Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

Chemical Reactions Helpers in reactions –Enzymes Cofactors –Coenzymes Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

Nutrients for Energy Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

Nutrients for Energy Glycolysis Pyruvate  acetyl CoA TCA cycle Electron transport chain Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

Glycolysis: Glucose-to- Pyruvate

Glucose The fate of pyruvate –Anaerobic vs. aerobic pathways Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

Glucose The fate of pyruvate –Anaerobic Pyruvate-to-lactic acid –Cori cycle Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

Pyruvate-to-Lactic Acid (Anaerobic)

Glucose The fate of pyruvate –Aerobic Pyruvate-to-acetyl CoA Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

Pyruvate- to-Acetyl CoA (Aerobic)

Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning The Paths of Pyruvate and Acetyl CoA

Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning Glucose yields energy

Glycerol & Fatty Acids Glycerol-to-pyruvate Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

Glycerol & Fatty Acids Fatty acids-to-acetyl CoA Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

Fatty acids-to-acetyl CoA, cont’d

Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning Fats Enter the Energy Pathway

Glycerol & Fatty Acids Fatty acids cannot be used to synthesize glucose Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

Amino Acids Amino acids-to-acetyl CoA Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

Amino Acids Amino acids-to-glucose Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

Amino Acids Deamination –Keto acid –Ammonia Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

Amino Acids Transamination Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

Amino Acids Ammonia- to-urea Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

Urea excretion via the kidneys

Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

The Final Steps The TCA cycle –oxaloacetate Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

The TCA Cycle

The Final Steps The electron transport chain Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

Electron Transport Chain and ATP Synthesis

The Final Steps The kcalories-per-gram secret revealed Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

The Central Pathways of Energy Metabolism

Economics of Feasting Excess protein Excess carbohydrate Excess fat Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

Economics of Feasting Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

Economics of Fasting Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

Economics of Fasting Glucose needed for the brain Protein meets glucose needs Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

Economics of Fasting Shift to ketosis Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

Economics of Fasting Suppression of appetite Slowing of metabolism Symptoms of starvation Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning