Crucible QuickWrite 9/21-9/22 In your notes, please respond to the following questions: 1) 1) Define hysteria. What are the causes? 2) 2) What is mob mentality? What are the negative effects? 3) 3) What makes fear a powerful tool? “ FEAR is an acronym in the English language for ‘False Evidence Appearing Real’.” ~Neale Donald Walsch~

The McCarthy Trials vs. Salem Witch Trials: Arthur Miller The Crucible

Senator Joseph McCarthy

I. Joseph McCarthy An American politician who served as a Republican U.S. Senator from the state of Wisconsin An American politician who served as a Republican U.S. Senator from the state of Wisconsin : McCarthy claimed that there were large numbers of Communists & Soviet spies and sympathizers inside the U.S. federal government and elsewhere. 1950: McCarthy claimed that there were large numbers of Communists & Soviet spies and sympathizers inside the U.S. federal government and elsewhere. Ultimately, McCarthy's tactics & his inability to support his claims led him to be censured by the United States Senate. Ultimately, McCarthy's tactics & his inability to support his claims led him to be censured by the United States Senate.

II. The McCarthy Trials

A. Trial Targets 1) writers 1) writers Actors 2) Actors Politicians 3) Politicians 4) Other free-thinkers 4) Other free-thinkers Trial lasted for 3yrs without proven accusations Trial lasted for 3yrs without proven accusations Accused were asked to testify against family & friends or go to jail Accused were asked to testify against family & friends or go to jail

B. Effects of the “Witch Hunts” Created a climate of fear: A) treason B) Communist takeover & spies Interrogation techniques: A) repetitious B) petty C) guilt by association Victims lost jobs, reputations, and had to leave U.S. Climaxed in April 1954 after accusing the Secretary of the Navy of sheltering Communist spies Climaxed in April 1954 after accusing the Secretary of the Navy of sheltering Communist spies The Secretary exposed McCarthy’s questionable motives The Secretary exposed McCarthy’s questionable motives

Crucible QuickWrite 9/23 You are a Salem judge and three girls have mysteriously been afflicted by “evil spirits.” You see them in court convulsing, screaming out the Devil’s name, and begging you to relieve your suffering. They also begin to accuse various townspeople of haunting them with their spirits. You are a Salem judge and three girls have mysteriously been afflicted by “evil spirits.” You see them in court convulsing, screaming out the Devil’s name, and begging you to relieve your suffering. They also begin to accuse various townspeople of haunting them with their spirits. How do you proceed when the evidence is just these three girls?? Do you give into the suspicion and fear? How do you proceed when the evidence is just these three girls?? Do you give into the suspicion and fear? Respond in three to four sentences. Respond in three to four sentences.

III. Arthur Miller The Man and the Playwright

Arthur Miller 1915 –2005 Biographical Info: A) Born in Harlem but moved to Brooklyn during the Depression A) Born in Harlem but moved to Brooklyn during the Depression B) In grade school, Miller was more involved in sports than literature and his grades were not always good B) In grade school, Miller was more involved in sports than literature and his grades were not always good C) Miller enrolled at the University of Michigan to study journalism & drama C) Miller enrolled at the University of Michigan to study journalism & drama · D) Married Marilyn Monroe in 1956 (divorced in 1961) · **influenced by War and Peace by Leo Tolstoy Interesting side jobs: mouse tender in a science laboratory; night editor of the Michigan Daily; wrote radio scripts The Theatre · a) Winner of numerous awards including The Pulitzer Prize (Death of a Salesman 1949) · b) First Broadway play: The Man Who Had All the Luck (1944) · c) First Broadway success: All My Sons (1947) //….and, of course, The Crucible!! //….and, of course, The Crucible!!

IV. Parallels Miller finds parallels between the witch hunt that took place in 1692 and his own experience… The accused were summoned to appear before McCarthy to answer the question: “Are you now or were you ever a Communist?” The accused were summoned to appear before McCarthy to answer the question: “Are you now or were you ever a Communist?” 3yrs before the production of The Crucible in NYC, Miller was summoned by a congressional committee** 3yrs before the production of The Crucible in NYC, Miller was summoned by a congressional committee** Miller spoke freely about himself & his occasional attendance, years before, as a guest at Communist meetings Miller spoke freely about himself & his occasional attendance, years before, as a guest at Communist meetings He refused to name names of other people in attendance and of Congress, but his conviction was later overturned by the Supreme Court He refused to name names of other people in attendance and was found in contempt of Congress, but his conviction was later overturned by the Supreme Court

Arthur Miller on The Crucible In a sense I went naked to Salem, still unable to accept the most common experience of humanity, the shifts of interests that turned loving husbands and wives into stony enemies, loving parents into indifferent supervisors or even exploiters of their children, and so forth. As I already knew from my reading, that was the real story of ancient Salem Village, what they called then the breaking of charity. The gray rain on my windshield was falling into my soul. ~Arthur Miller from Timebends: A Life~ ~Arthur Miller from Timebends: A Life~ ** CENTRAL THEME: “to break charity”: to betray someone, or to refuse him or her basic human generosity or respect**

V. The Salem Witch Trials: Historical Connections 1689: English rulers William and Mary started a war with France in the American colonies. King William's War: ravaged regions of upstate New York, Nova Scotia and Quebec Refugees flooded into Salem Village, Massachusetts Bay Colony 1692: Elizabeth Parris, daughter of Reverend Samuel Parris, and Abigail Williams, his niece, started acting strangely 1692: Elizabeth Parris, daughter of Reverend Samuel Parris, and Abigail Williams, his niece, started acting strangely Behaviors: Behaviors: They shook uncontrollably A) They shook uncontrollably Crawled under tables B) Crawled under tables Uttered strange sounds C) Uttered strange sounds Screamed that they were being tortured D) Screamed that they were being tortured Since doctors could not determine a medical cause for the bizarre behavior, they concluded that the girls were BEWITCHED!!! Since doctors could not determine a medical cause for the bizarre behavior, they concluded that the girls were BEWITCHED!!!

Soon other girls cried out, sparking a witch hunt, and accused: A) Tituba B) Sarah Good C) Sarah Osburn During the next 8 months of terror, more than one hundred fifty people were imprisoned for witchcraft During the next 8 months of terror, more than one hundred fifty people were imprisoned for witchcraft By the time court was dismissed, the casualties were: convicted A) 27 people convicted B) 19 hanged C) 1 pressed to death D) D) 50 confessed E) more than 100 were imprisoned awaiting trial

Homework for Friday Study for quiz on McCarthy/Salem Witch Trials (MON) Study for quiz on McCarthy/Salem Witch Trials (MON) Please gather character facts from these sections of ACT I and add to your character chart Please gather character facts from these sections of ACT I and add to your character chart 1—Parris & Salem Village pp —Putnam p —Proctor p —Rebecca pp —Hale pp —Giles p. 159 Look for the introductory remarks in paragraph form

HYSTERIA!!!

Salem, Massachusetts Today