PLS 341: American Foreign Policy Foreign Policy Chittick’s 3-D Framework

2 / 17 Thus Far… The first section of this course dealt with the major theories in International Relations created to explain and predict the action of states –Realisms –Liberalisms –Idea-isms

3 / 17 Today… An Inclusive Framework for Foreign Policy Analysis

4 / 17 Framework The Three Elements –Economic –Community –Security

5 / 17 Definitions Foreign Policy: –Actions of states in the international system

6 / 17 Definitions State: –Population residing on a defined territory under control of a sovereign government Sovereign: –The government is recognized (internally and externally) as being legitimate –The state has absolute and independent control over its population on its territory

7 / 17 Definitions System: –All material (hard power) and non- material (soft power) forces acting on the states

8 / 17 Actors State Actors –Most important actor according to the realists and the liberalists –The system is composed of states, and states are the principal actors in that system Non-State Actors –Realists would deny that non-state actors are important (Why?) –Liberalists would argue that they are important in constraining (and driving) state decisions

9 / 17 State Actors Over 200 of these, including: –United States –Canada –Vietnam –Chad –France –Bhutan –Benin –Belize –FSM –Zimbabwe –Afghanistan

10 / 17 Non-State Actors Uncounted number of these, including: –Inter-Governmental Organizations NATO UN EU BLACKSEAFOR –Non-Governmental Organizations ICRC AFL-CIO Amnesty International Al Qaeda

11 / 17 Chittick’s Framework Three Assumptions 1.The three basic human motives (power, achievement, relating) should shape FP decisions 2.People fall along a continuous spectrum for each of the three motives 3.All three motives are necessary to describe, explain, and evaluate any FP decision

12 / 17 Community Values Inclusivity vs. exclusivity Cosmopolitan vs. Communitarian Stress on commonalities vs. stress on individuality Multilateral vs. unilateral

13 / 17 Security Values Dominate vs. cooperate Military vs. diplomacy

14 / 17 Prosperity Values Proactive vs. reactive Upside vs. downside Risk seeking vs. risk averse

15 / 17 The Axes

16 / 17 The Cube

17 / 17 Assignment Read: Chapter 1 (Hook) Topic: America's Approach to Foreign Policy