African Development Seminar- PIA 2574 Europe and Africa: The Emotional Issue?

Discussion: The Debate About Ethnicity Alex Thomson and Crawford Young Max Gluckman Clifford Geertz

Max Gluckman (Herman) Max Gluckman (26 January 1911 – 1913 April 1975) was a South African and British social anthropologist..

Case Studies: Bessie Head Bessie Emery Head (6 July April 1986) is usually considered Botswana's most influential writer

Alex La Guma Alex La Guma (20 February 1925 – 11 October 1985) was a South African novelist

Barbara Kimanye Born in East Africa December and Died on September 18, 2012

Settlers: Question: Was Europe’s Relationship with Africa Different than with the Middle East, Asia and Latin America?

One View

Discussion: Overview Issues 1. The impact of Settlers (Both European, Middle Eastern and Asian) on “your" part of Africa. 2.Francophone Issue: the impact of France on the region as a part of a European image and the extent to which the French in West Africa are "settlers.“ 3.The New Settlers? Foreign Aid Workers and Missionaries

Missionaries, Traders and Settlers: How to Assess British Settlers Missionaries and Settlers East Africa, the Federation Southern Africa The special issue of Namibia

Settlers Impact on the Whole Continent Different Definitions Question: Was Europe’s Relationship with Africa Different than with the Middle East, Asia and Latin America? The New Settlers: Foreign Aid Workers, Contractors and Missionaries?

Blog:

Settlers: The Issue and the Problem- Start with the Demographics Francophone Africa: North Africa, Algeria and permanent association The Importance of “Francophonie” on Culture and Values

Reminder of “Francophonie”

Settlers: Statistical Profile Algeria: 1,000,000 (1955) Angola: 700,000 (1970) Mozambique: 250,000 (1970) Eritrea: 22,000 (Italians 1955)

Eritrea- 1940s

Asmara

Francophone Africa (c. 1958) Congo (Belgium): 110,000 (1958) Burundi: 5,000 Francophone: 30,000 (“colons”- estimated) Indians and Arabs (60,000)

French Colons in Algeria

“Sarkozy admits France made mistakes over Tunisia” Nicholas Sarkozy and Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali

West Africa Role of the "Syrians" and "Lebanese“ (c. 120,000) Arabs and Indians as "settlers?“ People of mixed race? Who are indigenous peoples?

Ghana: A Lebanese Trader

Mixed Race Political Leaders- Jerry Rawlings, Ghana and Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf, Liberia

East Africa: 1965 Tanganyika Whites: 23,000 Indians 100,000 Kenya Whites: 78,000 Indians: 110,000 Uganda Whites: 3,000 Indians: 78,000

A white couple, settlers and horse owners, together with their staff, standing directly behind them, watch a polo game at Nairobi Polo Club, a remnant of Kenya's colonial history, July 1, 2007

British Army's mission in Kenya. To fulfill this mission it has three main parts: International Mine Action Training Centre (IMATC) - The IMATC is a joint British and Kenyan venture aimed at alleviating the suffering caused by landmines and Explosive Remnants of War by providing high quality Mine Action Training Peace Support Training Centre (PSTC) A presence in the Kenyan Defence Staff College

Goal to coordinate UK military assistance to armed forces in Eastern Africa in order to contribute to Security Sector Reform and to increase peacekeeping capacity “Shame of 200 British soldiers in 'tribal' bar brawl: Taunts between rival regiments explode into violence in Kenya” From Kenya Newspaper

Eastern and Southern Africa Indians in Eastern and Southern Africa Asians- The forgotten settlers Amin, Mugabe and the indigenous people argument

The Uganda Asians

Indigenous People- Wa Arusha Masai

Missionaries, Traders and Settlers, and now foreign aid British Settlers Missionaries and Settlers East Africa, the Federation Southern Africa The special issue of Namibia

Namibia Germans

Mixed Race Eastern and Central Africa 80,000 people Issue- Loyalty to the State and conflict with Indigenous Peoples

Kenya "White Mischief"- Settlers in Kenya Land and Compromise e. Post-colonial "whites"

Popularizers: Ernest and Mary Hemmingway and Madonna (Stereotyped Images)

The infamous story of Sir Jock Delves, Lady Diana Delamere and the Murder of Lord Errol in the Happy Valley of Kenya in 1941.

Still From The Film 'White Mischief'

Kenya Settlers Origins of "Mau Mau"

Ten Minute Break

Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Federation: Indians: 30,000 Whites:310,000 Northern Rhodesia: whites: 76,000 Southern Rhodesia: whites: 223,000 ( ,000) Nyasaland: 9,300 Whites

Traditional Leader in Northern Rhodesia- 1950s

Rhodesian Army, c. 1975

Bishop Abel Muzorewa, Compromised with White Rulers (1978)

Henry Kissinger, Ian Smith and John Vorster

Zimbabwe- “White Africans?”

Zimbabwe Military demobilization and Rhodesia "Home Rule"- UDI Zimbabwe and Non-racialism Indigenous Peoples and Land

Land Economics In Zimbabwe

Southern Africa: The Other Settlers Portugal and Portuguese mass settlement and "provincial" status Over one million overseas Settlers 700,000 Angola, 250,000 Mozambique (eg. Teresa Heinz) Belgians, Greeks, Germans, Italians, Dutch, Americans- Indians (Asians), Arabs, Chinese

Maria Teresa Thierstein Simões-Ferreira Heinz (born October 5, 1938 in Lourenço Marques, Mozambique

Mixed Race: Afro-Europeans- “So Called Coloureds Eastern and Central Africa 80,000 people Issue- Loyalty to the State and conflict with Indigenous Peoples

Southern Africa Botswana- Whites 5,000 Mixed Race 2,000 Swaziland Whites 8,000 Mixed Race 4,000 (Euro-african) Namibia- Whites100,000 (23,000 German speakers) Mixed Race: 22,000

King Mswati III of Swaziland

South Africa: The Special Case? Dutch- settlement and movement “So Called Coloureds“ [ and Indians] 1815: End of Napoleonic War 1820s settlers: British British vs. Dutch-

Prime Minister Winston Churchill (R) talking with Field Marshall Jan Christian Smuts (L) and Peter Fraser (C) at a Dominion Conference April, 1945

South Africa and the World Prior to WW II. White Dominion Investment and Mines World Wide Similarity of Values Part of “British Empire” Independent, legal, legitimate

August 26, 1966

South Africa and the World “Tar Baby”- Nixon, Kissinger: The Cold War and Apartheid and beyond Benign Neglect Tilt to the Whites, Rhodesia, Portugal and South Africa, Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Sanctions Non-Racial Rule- 1994

Johannesburg

South Africa Trusteeship vs. Assimilation Segregation vs. Apartheid- "Homelands" as nations Afrikaans vs. African Nationalism Majority rule vs. minorities

South Africa’s Homelands, Prior to 1994

Homeland Presidents: 9th October 1971: Three Chiefs of South African 'Bantustan', (from left - right), Chief Buthelezi of Kwa Zulu, Chief Kaiser Matanzima of Transkei, and Chief Lucas Mangope of Bophuthatswana

South Africa Profile, 1985: Is South Africa Different? Indians 900,000 (2.7%) Africans: 24,000,000 (72%) Indigenous: San-Khoisian: 31,000 (less than.5%) Others: Chinese, Japanese, Arabic (30,000- less than.5%)

South Africa Profile, 1985 White: 4,800,000 (15%) (60% Afrikaans, 40% English and others) (Jewish South Africans approximately 100,000 people) “Coloured:” 3,900,000 (9%) (Mixed Race- 80% Afrikaans speaking, 20% English Speaking)

South Africa and the World Decolonization 1948 and Apartheid Homelands and Nationalism Anti-Communism White Nationalism like Black Nationalism “Polecat of the World”

South Africa Role of working class and poor whites Mining and labor reserve- "peasant based proletariat Multi-racialism, non-racialism vs. “Africanization”

“S0-Called Coloured” South Africans

Inauguration, May 10, 1994

South African History: A Reminder Trusteeship vs. Assimilation Segregation vs. Apartheid- "Homelands" as nations Afrikaans vs. African Nationalism Majority rule vs. minorities

Peasantariat Families and Mining- South African Mines and European Lights

South Africa: The Dependency Issues Role of working class and poor whites Mining and labor reserve- "peasant based proletariat Multi-racialism, non-racialism vs. “Africanization”

Settlers Redux Impact on the Whole Continent Question: Was Europe’s Relationship with Africa Different than with the Middle East, Asia and Latin America The New Settlers: Foreign Aid Workers, Contractors and Missionaries

Alum of the Week: Carrie Gruenloh, MPIA Univ. of Pittsburgh, Democracy Specialist (Southern Sudan) USAID

Authors What have you been reading this week?

Joseph Conrad (born Józef Teodor Konrad Korzeniowski; 3 December 1857 – 3 August 1924) Heart of Darkness

Ayaan Hirsi Ali, Born November 13, 1969 in Mogadishu Somalia Infidel

Peter H. Eichstaedt, Born in 1947 First Kill Your Family

Summary Discussions Europe in Africa: nature of the relationship (Images)