Lymphatic System I. Composition of Lymphatic System II. Functions of Lymphatic System III. Lymphatic Conducting Vessels IV. Lymphatic Organs Guo Ling,MD,PhD Department of Anatomy

I. Lymphatic System 1.Composition 1) Lymph conducting vessels 2)Lymphatic organs 3) lymphoid tissue

2. Functions 1) Serving as an accessory system for return of fluid from the narrow space between tissues to the heart. 2) Producing lymphocytes & then participating in the immune responses.

lymphatic vessels lymphatic trunks lymphatic ducts I. Lymph Conducting Vessels lymphatic capillaries lymphatic vessels lymphatic trunks lymphatic ducts Changes from small diameter to large one

Lymphatic Trunks ( 9 in number Right & Left jugular trunks Right & Left subclavian trunks Right & Left bronchomediastinal trunks Right & Left lumbar trunks Intestinal trunk

Thoracic Duct Origin: cisterna chyli End: L.venous angle 3) Drainage:6 trunks 4) Route: →aortic opening→ posterior mediastinum (→ right side→left side)→ cisterna chyli left venous angle

Right Lymphatic Duct 1) Drainage 3 lymphatic trunks (collecting lymph from right and superior quarter of body) 2) End right venous angle

lymph nodes thymus tonsil spleen lymphatic tissue II. Lymphatic Organs in digestive & respiratory tracts

Lymph Nodes (LNs) 1. Distribution principles of lymph nodes ① lying in the roots of the head, neck and extremities as well as in the organ hilums and mesenterium ② arranged along blood vessels & nerves ③ aggregating into groups

2). Deep cervical 2. Main Lymph Nodes in Body LNs in Head & Neck (Reviewing the veins in neck) 1) Superficial cervical nodes 2). Deep cervical lymph nodes

Outline of Lymph Nodes in Head and Neck Superficial lateral cervical lymph nodes

Deep Lateral Cervical Lymph Nodes 1) Position: arranged along internal jugular V 2) Two groups divided by omohyoid muscle a. superior deep cervical lymph nodes ( jugulodigastric LN or angular LN )

b. inferior deep cervical lymph nodes Supraclavicular LN (Virchow LN lying in the left venous angle)

LNs in Upper Limbs Axillary LNs 1. Anterior group 2. Lateral group 3. Dorsal group 4. Central group 5. Apical group

LNs in Thorax 1.Anterior mediastinal LNs 2. Posterior mediastinal LNs 3. LNs in trachea, bronchi & lungs : 1) Paratracheal LNs 2) Sup. tracheobronchial LNs 3) Inf. tracheobronchial LNs 4) Bronchopulmonary LNs 5) Pulmonary LNs

LNs in Abdomen (I) 1.Celiac LNs 2.R & L gastric LNs 3.R & L gastroepiploic LNs 4.Pyloric LNs 5.Hepatic LNs 6.Pancreaticosplenic LNs

LNs in Abdomen (II) Super. mesenteric LNs Infer. mesenteric LNs

LNs in Abdomen (III) Lumbar LNs Common iliac LNs External iliac LNs Internal iliac LNs

LNs in Lower Limbs 1.Inguinal LNs 1) Superficial LNs (T--- shaped) Upper group Lower group 2) Profound LNs 2. Popliteal LNs

Thymus 3) Structure 4) Functions 1) Location in anterior part of replaced by adipose tissue after sex maturation 2) Morphology two lobes A. gernerating T cells B. secreting hormone( lymphopoietin) 4) Functions in anterior part of superior mediastinum 1) Location Thymus

Tonsils lingual tonsil (Tonsillar ring) 1) Location 2) Composition in the openings of digestive, respiratory & auditory tubes. 2) Composition Pharyngeal tonsil Tubal tonsil Palatine tonsil lingual tonsil (Tonsillar ring)

Spleen 1) Location: in the left hypochondriae region of the abdomen, its long axis matching the course of the 10th rib

(2) Morphology 1) Two surfaces: visceral surface , hilum of spleen 2) Two borders: superior border, notches 3) Two extremities: anterior extremities

C. generating lymph cells (T & B cells ) (3) Functions A. processing aged RBC B. storing blood C. generating lymph cells (T & B cells ) D. partaking in immune responses