 Copyright 2005 Digital Enterprise Research Institute. All rights reserved. Towards Semantic Web 2.0 – Creating Social Semantic Information Spaces Stefan Decker

2 Outline The Digital Enterprise Research Institute Semantic Web 2.0 –SIOC –Semantic Search –Social Networks Outlook: Social Semantic Desktop

 Copyright 2005 Digital Enterprise Research Institute. All rights reserved. Digital Enterprise Research Institute, Galway Stefan Decker

4 DERI Galway – Mission DERI Galway’s Mission is “to exploit semantics for helping People Organisations Systems to better collaborate and interoperate”.

5 Some statistics Founded June 2003 with 1 fulltime member Status September 2007: 110 members 17 members are administration & management, industry and community outreach, university liaison, subcontractors Still hiring aggressively

6 Some more statistics Published last year: –64 Conference and Workshop papers –12 Journal papers –Several tutorials (e.g., WWW 2006, JCDL 2006), workshops (ISWC, FLOC,…), conferences (ISWC) –Output is constantly growing Total Research Grants: about 27 M Euro –14.4 M Euro EU/IST –2,6 M Euro Enterprise Ireland –10,4 M Euro Science Foundation Ireland

7 DERI – Project Partners IFOMIS

 Copyright 2005 Digital Enterprise Research Institute. All rights reserved. Web 2.0 and Semantic Web Semantic Web 2.0: Creating Social Semantic Information Spaces

9 What is Web 2.0? The term Web 2.0 was made popular by Tim O’Reilly: – -is-web-20.html –“Web 2.0 … has … come to refer to what some people describe as a second phase of architecture and application development for the World Wide Web.” The Web where “ordinary” users can meet, collaborate, and share using whatever is newly popular on the Web (tagged content, social bookmarking, AJAX, etc.) Popular examples include: –Bebo, del.icio.us, digg, Flickr, Google Maps, Skype, Technorati, Wikipedia…

10 Web 2.0 and social software Web 2.0 focuses include: –The Web as a platform for social and collaborative exchange –Reusable community contributions –Subscriptions to information, news, data flows, services –Mass-publishing using web-based social software –“Social Software lets people rendezvous, connect or collaborate by use of a computer network. It results in the creation of shared, interactive spaces…” Social software for communication and collaboration: –IM, IRC, Forums, Blogs, Wikis, Social Network Services, Social Bookmarks, MMOGs…

11 –“An extension of the current Web in which information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation.” Sir Tim Berners-Lee et al., Scientific American, 2001: tinyurl.com/i59p –“…allowing the Web to reach its full potential…” with far-reaching consequences –“The next generation of the Web” What is the Semantic Web? (beware the hype)

12 The Semantic Web (so far)

13 How to create the Semantic Web? Commonly quoted problems Ontologies are difficult to create and are not used –Not worth the effort Annotation is expensive –Regular user won’t bother Metadata provides no benefits –No consumers Standards are too complicated –Developers don’t understand Description Logics

14 Social semantic information spaces: SW 2.0 Web 2.0 and social software

15 Semantic Web 2.0 Creating Semantic Web Data: Semantic Interlinking of Online Community Sites Semantic Blogging Dissemination of Information Semantic Wikis Structuring and browsing the Web (and your desktop!) Social Semantic Collaborative Filtering Using explicit relationships for information delivering and assessment ….

16 Web 2.0 as a global SOA Semantic Web Web 2.0SOA Semantic Web Services Orchestration, Discovery Heavy weight: OWL S, WSMO Light wight: WSDL-S, semantic REST Social Semantic Information Spaces Collaboration Ontologies, Semantic Wikis/Blogs Semantic Social Networking Folksonomies Web 2.0 as a Global SOA People, collaboration Architectures of participation Social mechanism Real-time feedback Mashups But: Services lacking orchestration

17 What are online communities? People form online communities by combining one-to-one (e.g. and instant messaging), one-to-many (web pages and blogs) and many-to-many (forums, wikis) forms of communication “Social software enables people to rendezvous, connect or collaborate through computer-mediated communication and to form online communities.” - Wikipedia

18 Evolution of online community sites Online community sites: Provide a valuable source of information May contain rich meta-information But are isolated from one another: –Many sites discussing complementary topics Next steps: Connect sites together Add more value: –Let other sites know more about the structure and contents –Make more use of tagging and semantic metadata

 Copyright 2005 Digital Enterprise Research Institute. All rights reserved. SIOC: Semantically Interlinked Community Sites

20 What is SIOC? Semantically-Interlinked Online Communities (SIOC) Connecting forums, posts from many types of online communities (blogs, forums, mailing lists, etc.) Interesting possibilities: –Distributed linked conversations –Decentralised discussion channels and communities “I […] think the concept is HOT” – Robert Douglass, Drupal Developer

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31 SIOC Ontology

32 Create SIOC export modules for popular open-source discussion systems Infecting the Web Infrastructure: –During next upgrade cycle gigabytes of community data become available Initial versions of SIOC metadata exporters created for: –Content management system (Drupal) –Bulletin board system (phpBB) [in progress] –Blogging system (WordPress) –French blogging system (DotClear) How can SIOC disseminated?

33 Sample SIOC export from WordPress

34 How can SIOC data be used?

35 SIOC browser (3)

36 SIOC browser (4)

37 Where is SIOC being used already? I & I S&R C&C

38 Next step (1): Argumentative discussion topics similar to IBIS

39 Next steps (2): Add Onion Rings of Vocabularies RDF Calendar Microformats

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 Copyright 2005 Digital Enterprise Research Institute. All rights reserved. Semantic Web Search Engine Search & Retrieval

42 Web 1, 2, 3… Web technologies are constantly evolving From a web of documents to a web of data Semantic content today: ~3-10 million pages 2012: 70% of web pages will have semantic markup (Gartner) – assuming 10bn pages *.7 = 7 billion semantic pages Semantic content enables new ways of data syndication and integration on a worldwide scale Collaboratively edited knowledge bases S&R I & I C&C

43 Use Case: Financial Search blog entries (RSS, Atom) press conferences video (Podcast RSS) conf calls audio (Podcast RSS) core company information (Wikipedia/dbpedia) company press releases (HTML, RSS) mandatory publications (XBRL) Web – anything else (RDF) Collaboratively edited knowledge base S&R I & I C&C

44 Semantic Web Search Engine Architecture Index Crawler Extraction Consolidation Indexing Query Proc Ranking UI S&R I & I C&C

45 Performance Evaluation univ(50000) Lehigh benchmark S&R I & I C&C

46 Query Performance S&R I & I C&C

47 DEMO: Ask for Information about Stefan Decker S&R I & I C&C

 Copyright 2005 Digital Enterprise Research Institute. All rights reserved. Semantic Social Networks - User Profiles in Action Communities & Collaboration

49 You can never get lost in the hyperspace with a little help from your friends C&C I & I S&R

50 Using Social Networks: Social Semantic Collaborative Filtering foaf:knows xfoaf:include xfoaf:bookmark C&C I & I S&R

51 Using Social Networks: Social Semantic Collaborative Filtering foaf:knows xfoaf:include xfoaf:bookmark C&C I & I S&R

52 Using Social Networks: Identity management with FOAFRealm Identity defined with extended FOAF metadata Policies expressed by social networking –Distance between owner and requester –Friendship level between owner and requester, calculated across digraph of social network Support for single registration and sign on Distributed identity management with P2P topology HyperCuP (“D-FOAF”) FOAFRealm is currently implemented as a plugin for Tomcat (Realm/Valve implementation), with PHP and.NET versions coming soon C&C I & I S&R

53 How to create the Semantic Web revisited? Problems Ontologies are difficult to create and are not used –Not worth the effort Solution: keep it simple, chose domain carefully, pick users up where they are Annotation is expensive –Regular user won’t bother Solution: exploit existing structures (eg., in databases) Metadata provides no benefits –No consumers Solution: Create some, others will follow Standards are too complicated –Developers don’t understand Description Logics Solution: use what is feasible

54 Going back…. Memex (Vannevar Bush) A memex is “a device in which an individual stores all his books, records, and communications.” Open Hypertext System (Doug Engelbart) “The open hyperdocument system (OHS) is a standards-based, open source framework for developing collaborative, knowledge management applications.” WWW (Tim Berners-Lee) “There was a second part of the dream […] we could then use computers to help us analyse it, make sense of what we re doing, where we individually fit in, and how we can better work together.”

55 It wasn’t the time…

56 But now it is… Today necessary technologies & communities exist: Standardised metadata: Semantic Web Scalable distributed infrastructure: P2P Computing Knowledge articulation and interaction: Desktop/Wiki Technology Processing of unstructured and legacy information: NLP Human centric information exchange: Online Social Networks

57 Realising the Social Semantic Desktop Desktop: Help individuals in managing information on the Web/their PC Semantic: Make content available to automated processing Social: Enable exchange across individual boundaries colleague friend acquaintance Social semantic peers peers Personal Semantic Web:a semantically enlarged intimate supplement to memory Social protocols and distributed search Person Topic Website Document Image Event Person

58 Co-evolving technology streams Phase 1Phase 2Phase 3 Ontology-Driven Distributed Social Networking Ontology-Driven Social Networking Semantic Desktop Social Semantic Desktop P2P Networks Semantic Web Desktop / Web Semantic P2P Social Networking NLP

59 NEPOMUK Architecture Layered Architecture of a Social Semantic Desktop – implemented in KDE/Linux

60 NEPOMUK Distributed Architecture SSD 1SSD 2 P2P

61 Conclusions Web 2.0 is an application are for Semantic Web –Web 2.0 provides the user interaction, Semantic Web the standards for information interchange –From Semantic (Web 2.0) towards (Semantic Web) 2.0 Next challenge: creating loosely coupled collaboration environments

62 More information Digital Enterprise Research Institute – SIOC – Jerome Semantic Digital Library – Semantic Desktop Community Site: – NEPOMUK project: –