CarboOcean 2009 CARINA - Carbon dioxide in the Atlantic Ocean Will allow for improved estimates of ocean carbon inventory and transport Data rescue project for deep sea carbon dioxide and nutrients data Collaborative effort between US and EUROPE Largest high quality dataset of the entire Atlantic Ocean (188 cruises with approx stations) Data with an estimated value of > 50 million Euros was rescued

CarboOcean 2009 The CARINA Group

CarboOcean 2009 CARINA History Started 1999 during a meeting in Delmenhorst By 2002, ~30 cruises had been collected The data collection was transferred to CIDAC in 2004 In 2005 CARINA became a CarboOcean activity Initial meeting in Iceland in June 2006, at this time ~80 cruises collected, Extension of CARINA to cover Arctic and Southern Oceans. Regional leaders assigned. Three CARINA workshops were held during 2007 – Development of software and internet tools. The whole CARINA data collection (individual cruise files and merged products) were made public available on CDIAC in The CARINA project is extensively documented on CDIAC and through articles in a special issue in ESSD (Earth System Science Data).

CarboOcean 2009 What is CARINA? An internally consistent data base available as three data products, one each for the Arctic Mediterranean Seas, the Atlantic and the Southern Oceans CARINA data synthesis project is an international collaborative effort of the EU IP CARBOOCEAN, and International partners. It has produced a merged internally consistent data set of open ocean subsurface measurements for biogeochemical investigations, in particular studies involving the carbon system The CARINA database includes data from 188 cruises. The salinity, oxygen, nutrient, inorganic carbon system and CFC data have been subject to extensive quality control and adjustments have been applied when necessary. All of the individual cruise data files have been made available in WOCE exchange in a single location along with metadata and references

CarboOcean 2009 CARINA data synthesis and QC Assembly and primary QC (precision) Common format, common units (pH scale, volumetric to gravimetric etc.) Flags assigned to data, in cooperation with PI’s, i.e. primary QC Secondary QC, (accuracy) Concentrations in deep water are compared to identify biases. Adjustments are applied to the data Interpolation of missing data, calculation of 3 rd carbon parameter Three merged data files are produced. The link:

CarboOcean 2009 CARINA: a consistent carbon- relevant data base for the Arctic, Atlantic and Southern Oceans" 1.CARINA; an overview 2.CARINA Southern Ocean data; Atlantic Ocean sector 3.CARINA Southern Ocean data; Indian Ocean sector 4.CARINA Southern Ocean data; Pacific Ocean sector 5.Overview of the Nordic Seas CARINA data and salinity 6.CARINA CFC data in the Nordic Seas 7.CARINA DIC data in the Nordic Seas 8.CARINA Alkalinity data in the Nordic Seas 9.CARINA oxygen data in the Nordic Seas 10.CARINA nutrient data in the Nordic Seas 11.CARINA Arctic Ocean data. 12.CARINA nutrient data in the North Atlantic. 13.Overview of North Atlantic CARINA data and salinity. 14.CARINA CFC data in the North Atlantic 15..CARINA DIC data in the North Atlantic. 16.CARINA Alkalinity data in the North Atlantic. 17.CARINA Oxygen data in the North Atlantic. 18.Quality control procedures and methods used for the CARINA data set. 19.CARINA pH data. 20.Iceland and Irminger Sea Time Series

CarboOcean 2009 Interpolated Oxygen Velo et al., 2009

CarboOcean 2009

Silicate Oxygen Salinity

CarboOcean 2009

The decrease in deep water formation between 1997 and 2003 led to a decrease in the inventory of anthropogenic carbon in the western North Atlantic Water column inventory of anthropogenic carbon in 1997 and relative change between 1997 and Due to the rising atmospheric CO 2, the oceanic Cant concentration is expected to increase by 11% between 1997 and Tanhua and Keeling, 2009

CarboOcean 2009 Steinfeldt, R., M. Rhein, J. L. Bullister, and T. Tanhua (2009), Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 23, GB3010, doi: /2008GB Difference in water column inventory of anthropogenic carbon in Labrador Sea Water, The bold black line encompasses the deep water formation area and adjacent regions with a decrease in Cant.

CarboOcean 2009

See Poster by Clair Lo Monaco

CarboOcean 2009 eMLR along Prime Meridian Bottom water masses: low values - close to the uncertainty of the method ΔDIC (µmol kg -1 ) Hauck et al., JGR, in press

CarboOcean 2009 Olafson et al., 2009

CarboOcean 2009 Lessons learned and the way forward CARINA benefited from, and impoved upon the GLODAP project. Availability of Certified Reference Materials very important for qualtiy. Complete data records were not retained with the data for many cruises. By the time the data were released for inclusion in this data product many of the people who had made the measurements were no longer working in the field Timely data reporting ensures that sufficient metadata can still be obtained if it is not originally provided. Timely reporting of data essential for the common effort of Global Synthesis and detecting decadal changes etc.

CarboOcean 2009 Aim: to publish data according to the conventional fashion of publishing articles, applying the established principles of quality assessment through peer-review to datasets. Goal: make datasets a reliable resource to build upon and to reward the authors by establishing priority and recognition through the impact of their articles. The data sets: are at least plausible and contain no detectable problems; are of sufficiently high quality and their limitations are clearly stated; are open accessible (toll free), well annotated by standard metadata and available from a certified data center/repository;data center/repository are customary with regard to their format(s) and/or access protocol, however not proprietary ones (e.g., Open Geospatial Consortium standards), expected to be useable for the foreseeable future. Suggestion from the editors of ESSD: Publish high quality data from interior ocean observations (including carbon observations). Collect these in an annual special issue in ESSD