The material in this slide show is provided free for educational use only. All other forms of storage or reproduction are subject to copyright - please contact the National Marine Aquarium The slide show was designed and produced for the NMA by STEP, the Science Training & Education Partnership T raining & S cience E ducation P artnership

Classifying marine plants and animals

Life is thought to have started in the oceans, more than million years ago

For most of this time, nearly all life was in the oceans

Time (in millions of years before the present) present OCEANSLAND First bacteria Single-celled plants Seaweed-like plants First complex animals Jellyfish-like fossils Shelled fossils First fish Single-celled plants Land plants & invertebrates Tree ferns & vertebrates Dinosaurs Flowering plants

Plants make their own food, using sunlight Plants started to grow in the oceans around million years ago

Close to the coast, plants can grow attached to the bottom Because they need sunlight, they can only grow in the shallow parts of the ocean

Seaweeds are plants which grow on the bottom of the sea Some are very big, like this kelp, which grows up to 30 metres long

Growing on the deep sea floor won’t work - it’s too dark! 75% of the ocean is at least metres deep, but even the tallest trees are less than 100 metres high

Out in the open ocean, the plants float in the water Most are too small to see It would take 200 of these tiny plants to cover a distance of one centimetre

We can use satellites high above the Earth to map the amount of plants ….

… on land... … and in the ocean Image courtesy SeaWiFS/ORBIMAGE

Plants provide the food for the large variety of animals which live in the ocean

Animals from 32 of these groups are found in the seas and oceans There are 33 major groups of animals Only 12 of these groups are found on land

Most of these are insects, which are not found in the ocean However, there are more species on land than there are in the oceans

This shows how different types of animals are related to each other We are going to draw a family tree for the common types of animals in the seas and oceans

This branch leads to sponges - very simple animals SPONGES This branch leads to jellyfish and their relatives. All have tentacles with stinging cells

The rest of the tree splits into two main branches SPONGES JELLYFISH & relatives This branch carries echinoderms and animals with backbones This branch carries worms, crustaceans and molluscs Each branch carries many different types of animals

JELLYFISH & relatives SPONGES JELLYFISH, CORALS and SEA ANEMONES

WORMS have long thin bodies, divided into segments SPONGES JELLYFISH & relatives WORMS CRUSTACEANS all have hard outer shells and jointed legs. They are related to insects and spiders

MOLLUSCS includes snails, clams, squid and octopus ECHINODERMS includes starfish, sea urchins and sea lilies SPONGES JELLYFISH & relatives WORMS CRUSTACEANS MOLLUSCS ECHINODERMS VERTEBRATES are animals with a bony skeleton with a backbone. The group includes fish, reptiles, birds and mammals VERTEBRATES

You have seen that - Life started and developed in the oceans Most plants in the oceans are floating single cells

You have seen that - Most important groups of animals are found in the oceans Relations between animals groups can be shown on a family tree

NOTES for USERS The material in this slide show is designed to support the teaching of science at Key Stage 2 A full description of the slide show, and linked activities for students, can be found on the National Marine Aquarium (NMA) web-site: Teachers are free to amend the slide show in whatever way they feel fit, or to use slides in other contexts. However, please note that neither the NMA nor the designers will accept responsibility for modifications, and original material remains copyright of the NMA Individual images used in the slides are copyright of NMA or STEP, except where acknowledged separately The slides have been set up to display as A4 landscape format. If they are incorporated into other slide sequences with different display settings, change in aspect ratio and text location will occur The slide sequence contains the minimum of effects and transitions. However, there are some automated animations, and teachers will wish to make sure that they are familiar with the sequence before use in class Use the PowerPoint notes viewer to obtain additional information for some slides Non-animated versions of two slides are placed at the end of the show T raining & S cience E ducation P artnership

Time (in millions of years before the present) present OCEANSLAND First bacteria Single-celled plants Seaweed-like plants First complex animals Jellyfish-like fossils Shelled fossils First fish Single-celled plants Land plants & invertebrates Tree ferns & vertebrates Dinosaurs Flowering plants

SPONGES JELLYFISH & relatives WORMS CRUSTACEANS MOLLUSCS ECHINODERMS VERTEBRATES