EARTH’S WATER CHAPTER 2 SECTION 3

 EQ: What physical processes keeps Earth’s water constant?  OBJ: I will be able to use geographic terms and tools to explain how hydrology influences the physical character of a place.

WATER CYCLE ORGANIZER 1 st stage Description/definition 2 nd stage Description/definition 3 rd stage Description/definition

THE WATER CYCLE  Most of the hydrosphere is saltwater found in oceans, seas, and a few large saltwater lakes  The rest is freshwater found in lakes, rivers, and groundwater  Earth’s water is constantly moving from the oceans to the air to the land and back to the oceans  This is known as the water cycle

THE WATER CYCLE  The sun drives the water cycle by evaporation from the surfaces of Earth’s bodies of water and plants  Water vapor gathers in the air  The amount held depends on temperature  Warm, less dense air holds more water vapor than cool air  When warm air cools and can no longer be held as water vapor, excess water vapor turns into liquid, known as condensation  Clouds release the water they can no longer hold, causing precipitation  The precipitation seeps into the ground and is collected into streams and lakes which leads back to the oceans

RECAP!  What drives the water cycle?  How are clouds formed?  What happens when warm air cools?

SALT WATER: OCEANS  About 97 percent of Earth’s water is a huge, uninterrupted body of water  Divided into five oceans: Pacific (largest of the oceans; can cover all of Earth’s land masses) Atlantic, Indian, Arctic, Southern (extends from coast of Antarctica north to 60 degree S latitude)  Seas, gulfs, and bays are bodies of saltwater smaller than oceans  Mediterranean Sea – encircled by southern Europe, northern Africa, and south western Asia  Gulf of Mexico – encircled by coasts of Mexico and the United States  There are about 66 separate seas, gulfs, and bays

SALTWATER TO FRESHWATER

FRESHWATER  3 percent of Earth’s water is freshwater  Most lakes, or bodies of water completely surrounded by land, contain freshwater  Some salt lakes include Utah’s Great Salt Lake and the Dead Sea  Most lakes are located where glaciers moved, cut deep valleys, and built up dams of soil and rock that held in melting ice water  Streams and rivers are flowing bodies of water  They usually flow into large bodies of water

RECAP  Where do we get our freshwater from?  Can we drink salt water? Why or why not?  What is desalination?

1.According to the video, how long has California been in a drought? 2.Where do the farmers get water if California is in a drought? What type of water is it? 3.As a result of drilling, what’s happening to the water supply? Why does the man in charge of water drilling think this water has to be drilled? 4.About how long does it take for groundwater to replenish? 5.According to the hydrologist in the shed, has the groundwater increased or decreased? By about how much? DEPLETING THE WATER