Chapter 4 - Life in the Colonies Between the years of 1607-1775 almost a million people came over from Europe

New England Subsistence farming- farming only enough to meet your families needs center of trading triangular trade routes developed The trade route between West Africa and West Indies known as The Middle Passage

Triangular trade routes

http://www.eduplace.com/kids/socsci/books/applications/imaps/maps/g5s_u3/index.htm

Middle Passage

Middle Colonies cash crops – crops grown to make a profit. Mixed with subsistence (called bread basket) Immigrants from all over Europe settled in these colonies-(Scotch-Irish, German, Dutch, Swedish)lots of religious and cultural differences

Southern Colonies Indentured servants – people who would work for free in return for land Soon began to depend on slave labor

Tidewater- near the coast- large plantations Backcountry- in the mountains - small farms Slave Codes – strict laws that governed slave life. Overseers- slave bosses

English Government Magna Carta (1215) - English document that the colonist based their government on – respected civil liberties

Colonial Government Charter colonies – based on a charter to a company (Mass) Proprietary Colonies – owned and run by individual people. (Penn) Royal Colony – run by the King(Va)

Mercantilism – a country builds power by exporting more than importing Navigation Acts – 1650’s passed to force the colonists to only trade with England

Colonial America

North America before 1754

British-French Rivalry Before 1754, major powers in America were France and Britain Both wanted to control the Ohio River Valley, British wanted to colonize and French wanted it for fur trade French began to build forts to stake their claim to the land

The Beginning 1754 British sent George Washington with a small force to establish a fort- Ft. Necessity He attacked a larger French force, was surrounded, and captured. He surrendered. Gives him recognition

Indian help Iroquois Confederation- 5 Native American tribes who banned together to fight the British Native American tribes helped the French attack British forts

WHO? English- The British forces were made up of: 1. Redcoats (English Soldiers) 2. American Colonists (English Subjects) French- French forces were made up of: 1. French Soldiers 2. French Colonists (French Subjects) 3. Native Americans

The War General Braddock in charge/GW under him Redcoats-easy targets Braddock was killed, GW in charge and gave him military experience

England steps in to help!

England steps in to help! Called The Seven Years’ War in the rest of the world 1757 William Pitt took over as Prime Minister of England. Turns tide of war because he sends lots of $

After several years, the French were defeated and they withdrew to Canada

British attacked them in Canada Fall of Quebec – huge success The French surrendered

Treaty of Paris Ended the War 1. France gave up all it’s land 2. England gained Florida from Spain 3. Spain received lands west of the Mississippi River and the port of New Orleans

North America was now divided between England and Spain

Pontiacs War Pontiac, chief of the Ottawa, continued fighting – Native Americans were defeated

Proclamation of 1763 To prevent more fighting between the colonists and Indians King declared the Appalachian Mountains as the boundary for colonist-stopped westward expansion This just angered the colonists