Chapter 25 Framing Methods

2 Links for Chapter 25 Balloon Framing Platform Framing Post-and-Beam Framing Related Web Sites Steel Construction Concrete and Masonry Modular Framing

3 Balloon Framing Not commonly used today, but is useful for remodeling older houses Exterior studs run from the foundation to the highest level Two-stories is the maximum height Very vulnerable to fire damage

4 Balloon Framing

5 Platform Framing Most common framing method Each floor is created as its own platform Grew out of the balloon framing as fireblocks were added

6 Platform Framing

7 Platform Building After the foundation, girders and floor beams are set Plywood is added on the floor Walls constructed laying down and then are raised vertically Ceiling is added and the next floor begun

8 Platform Efficiency 2 X 6 instead of 2 X 4 studs are used for additional insulation Studs are placed 24” apart Corners are carefully designed to decrease the amount of wood used

9 Platform Efficiency

10 Platform Efficiency Rigid foam insulation is used in headers and as a sheathing

11 Post-and-Beam Framing Posts and beams are spaced 48” apart Beams are 4” or 6” wide Savings on lumber and nonstructural materials Also referred to as timber construction Timbers are heavy and care must be taken when lifting into place

12 Post-and-Beam Framing

13 Steel Framing Usually used for light commercial and high- rise construction Stronger, more efficient, and better insurance rating than wood More design flexibility since no interior bearing walls are required

14 Steel Framing

15 Concrete Masonry Construction Excellent structural and insulation value Very durable and economical Furring strips added to inside for Sheetrock Four classifications of block –hollow— load-bearing –solid load-bearing— non-load-bearing

16 Concrete Masonry Construction Blocks are classed according to their weight as normal-, medium-, and lightweight Most common sizes: –8” x 8” x 16”, 8” x 4” x 16”, 8” x 12” x 16” Each block is 3/8” smaller to allow for mortar Reinforcement is needed for special designs

17 Concrete Masonry Construction

18 Concrete Masonry Construction

19 Solid Masonry Construction Brick is used to create a variety of designs Bond connects two wythes for a stable wall Pattern is an arrangement of bricks in one wythe Fleming and English bonds are most common

20 Solid Masonry Construction

21 Solid Masonry Construction Rebar is used to reinforce walls One wythe is used to support joists for a floor Ends of a joists must be protected from moisture from the bricks Pressure treated plates are used to protect against moisture Air space can be added to reduce moisture

22 Masonry Veneer Brick or stone are used as a veneer covering for a residence A 1” airspace is left between brick and wall 15# felt is applied to the exterior wall 26-gage metal ties at 24” intervals are used to hold brick to the framing

23 Solid Masonry Construction

24 Insulated Concrete Form Construction Poured concrete is placed in expanded polystyrene (EPS) forms The pattern is similar to concrete blocks Forms are 6” or 8” thick, 16” high, and 48” long Insulation value is very high and air leakage and air infiltration is reduced

25 Insulated Concrete Form Construction

26 Modular Framing Components are designed, engineered, and manufactured in a factory Once parts are built they are transported to the work site and assembled This option is less expensive, especially for more remote areas

27 Related Web Sites American Concrete Institute - American Iron and Steel Institute Engineered Wood Association Truss-Joist MacMillian -