The Republicans Take Power

Election of 1800 Federalists John Adams V.P.- Charles Pinckney

Election of 1800 Republicans Thomas Jefferson V.P - Aaron Burr

The Campaign Neither candidate traveled the country making speeches about why he should be elected. Neither candidate traveled the country making speeches about why he should be elected. The candidates wrote letters to leading citizens and newspapers proclaiming their views. The candidates wrote letters to leading citizens and newspapers proclaiming their views.

Election Deadlock When the members of the electoral college voted, Jefferson and Burr each received 73 votes. This tied the two candidates. It was up to the House of Representatives to break the tie. Alexander Hamilton urged one Federalist to vote for Jefferson When the members of the electoral college voted, Jefferson and Burr each received 73 votes. This tied the two candidates. It was up to the House of Representatives to break the tie. Alexander Hamilton urged one Federalist to vote for Jefferson In 1800 the candidate who received the second- highest number of votes (no matter the party of the winner) in the electoral system won the vice presidency.

The Aftermath The Aftermath Congress understood that the electoral process needed some changes. In 1804 they passed the 12 th amendment to the constitution. Instead of having a first and second place method to electing the president, electors now cast separate ballots electing a president and a vice-president.

President Jefferson Inaugurated March 4 th, Inaugurated March 4 th, Jefferson believed in reducing the power and size of the federal government. These ideas were similar to the French philosophy of laissez-faire, which means let the people do as they please. Jefferson believed in reducing the power and size of the federal government. These ideas were similar to the French philosophy of laissez-faire, which means let the people do as they please.

Jefferson’s Policies Jefferson believed the strength of the U.S. was its independent farmers. Jefferson believed the strength of the U.S. was its independent farmers. He believed as long as most people owned their own property they would fight to protect their rights and to preserve the Republic. For this reason he favored expanding the nation Westward. He believed as long as most people owned their own property they would fight to protect their rights and to preserve the Republic. For this reason he favored expanding the nation Westward. He also believed the government should be kept small. He also believed the government should be kept small.

Jefferson’s Cabinet Secretary of State – James Madison. Secretary of State – James Madison. Secretary of Treasury – Albert Gallatin. Secretary of Treasury – Albert Gallatin. They allowed the Alien and Sedition Acts to expire and repealed the Naturalization Act. They allowed the Alien and Sedition Acts to expire and repealed the Naturalization Act.

Cutting Costs Jefferson and Gallatin aimed to reduce the national debt. They cut costs by scaling down military expenses. Jefferson and Gallatin aimed to reduce the national debt. They cut costs by scaling down military expenses. Government funds would come from customs duties, which are taxes on foreign imported goods, and from the sale of western lands. Government funds would come from customs duties, which are taxes on foreign imported goods, and from the sale of western lands. In Jefferson’s view the government should be limited to delivering the mail, collecting customs duties, and conducting a census every 10 years. In Jefferson’s view the government should be limited to delivering the mail, collecting customs duties, and conducting a census every 10 years.

Jefferson and the Courts Before Jefferson took office the Judiciary Act of 1801 was passed. It set up regional courts for the U.S. with 16 judges and many other officials. Before Jefferson took office the Judiciary Act of 1801 was passed. It set up regional courts for the U.S. with 16 judges and many other officials. Federalist John Marshall was named Chief Justice by John Adams. Federalist John Marshall was named Chief Justice by John Adams. Midnight judges – last minute appointments. Midnight judges – last minute appointments. One commission not delivered was for William Marbury. Jefferson told Madison not to deliver it. One commission not delivered was for William Marbury. Jefferson told Madison not to deliver it.

Marbury v. Madison To force delivery Marbury took his case to the Supreme Court. Marshall turned down Marbury’s claim. He noted that the constitution did not give the Court jurisdiction to decide the case. To force delivery Marbury took his case to the Supreme Court. Marshall turned down Marbury’s claim. He noted that the constitution did not give the Court jurisdiction to decide the case.

John Marshall Three principles of Judicial Review. Three principles of Judicial Review. The Constitution is the supreme law of the land. The Constitution is the supreme law of the land. When there is a conflict between the Constitution and any other law, the Constitution must be followed. When there is a conflict between the Constitution and any other law, the Constitution must be followed. The Judicial branch has a duty to uphold the Constitution. It must be able to determine when a federal law conflicts with the Constitution and to nullify, or cancel, unconstitutional laws. The Judicial branch has a duty to uphold the Constitution. It must be able to determine when a federal law conflicts with the Constitution and to nullify, or cancel, unconstitutional laws.

The Louisiana Purchase Americans moved west for land and adventure. Americans moved west for land and adventure. In 1800, the territory of the U.S. extended only as far as the Mississippi River. The area west of the river was known as the Louisiana Territory and belonged to Spain. In 1800, the territory of the U.S. extended only as far as the Mississippi River. The area west of the river was known as the Louisiana Territory and belonged to Spain. 1n 1802, Spain changed their policy of allowing Americans to use the Mississippi River and the port of New Orleans_. They made a secret agreement to transfer that land to _France. 1n 1802, Spain changed their policy of allowing Americans to use the Mississippi River and the port of New Orleans_. They made a secret agreement to transfer that land to _France. Napolean Bonaparte was the new leader of France. Napolean Bonaparte was the new leader of France.

In 1803, Napoleon agreed to sale the entire Louisiana Territory to the United States for __15_ million dollars. This purchase doubled the size of the US and made the Rocky Mountains the new border. In 1803, Napoleon agreed to sale the entire Louisiana Territory to the United States for __15_ million dollars. This purchase doubled the size of the US and made the Rocky Mountains the new border. Jefferson persuaded Congress to send an expedition to explore the new territory. He chose Meriwether Lewis to head the expedition. The co-leader was William Clark. The expedition left St. Louis, Missouri in the spring of A young Shoshone woman named Sacagawea joined their group as a guide. After 18 months and nearly 4,000 miles they reached the Pacific Ocean. Jefferson persuaded Congress to send an expedition to explore the new territory. He chose Meriwether Lewis to head the expedition. The co-leader was William Clark. The expedition left St. Louis, Missouri in the spring of A young Shoshone woman named Sacagawea joined their group as a guide. After 18 months and nearly 4,000 miles they reached the Pacific Ocean.

Lewis and Clark returned in September They collected valuable information on people, plants, animals and the geography of the west. It also opened up a way of trade and settlement for the new nation and gave the US a strong claim to the Oregon country. Lewis and Clark returned in September They collected valuable information on people, plants, animals and the geography of the west. It also opened up a way of trade and settlement for the new nation and gave the US a strong claim to the Oregon country.

Federalists opposed the Louisiana Purchase because they feared any new states made from it would become Democratic- Republican. They plotted to secede from the Union. They turned to Aaron Burr for support. When Alexander Hamilton accused Burr of plotting treason, Federalists opposed the Louisiana Purchase because they feared any new states made from it would become Democratic- Republican. They plotted to secede from the Union. They turned to Aaron Burr for support. When Alexander Hamilton accused Burr of plotting treason, Aaron Burr challenged Hamilton to a duel. Hamilton was seriously wounded and died the next day.